No. 14 - May 1997 - Continued- International Preservation News

International Preservation News *A Newsletter of the IFLA Core Programme for Preservation and Conservation (PAC)* n° 14 May 1997 ISSN 0890 - 4960 Continued Contents The Pilot Electronic Library Project Hiyoruki Taya Safeguarding the Oral Heritage in Australia Colin Webb Sauvegarde le patrimoine oral en Australie Salvaguarda del patrimonio oral en Australia Standards and Preservation of A/V Media and Data Gerald Gibson Normalisation et preservation des supports audiovisuels et des donnees informatiques Normas y preservación de medios audiovisuales y datos Deux circuits majeurs pour conserver les imprimés de la Bibliothèque nationale de France Jean-Pascal Abcarios Two major cuircuits for preserving printed documents at the BnF Dos circuitos principales para conservar los materiales impresos de la Biblioteca nacional de Francia PAC News Round-Table on photographs - Rio de Janeiro 27-28-29 November 1996. Mesa redonda sobre fotografias - Rio de Janeiro - 27-28-29 de Noviembre de 1996 Pronto un CD-Rom sobre fotografías latinoamericanas del siglo XIX estará a la disposición 2ND JICPA Meeting in Dakar JICPA: First Preservation Workshop in Dakar Deuxième réunion du JICPA à Dakar, 21-22 fÈvrier 1997 Le JICPA organise son premier atelier sur la préservation à Dakar Permanent paper at the Bibliothèque nationale de France pH survey of current Japanese monographs Opinion survey about PAC activities in Asia New function for Jan Lyall Audiovisual Management via Distance Education AIC Collections Care Professionals and Cultural Diversity Task Forces Un restaurateur français à la Bibliothèque Nationale de Lituanie Book Reviews CORÉ n°1, septembre 1996, 66 p., 80 FF. Magnetic Tape Storage and Handling - A Guide for Libraries and Archives Preservation in the Digital World Multimedia Preservation: Capturing the RainbowDissertaçao de mestrado: Choosing to Preserve - Towards a cooperative strategy for long-term access to the intellectual heritage La conservation des documents sonores Food for Thought Dissertaçao de mestrado - Controle ambiental em armazéns e reservas técnicas de arquivos, bibliotecas, museus e sítios arqueológicos MSc Dissertation - Environmental control in storage areas and reserve stocks in archives, libraries, museums and archaeologial sites Paperbase International - A database for the world's pulp and paper industry Paperbase International - Une base de données pour l'industrie papetière mondiale Scuola Europea di Formazione Specialistica per Conservatori-Restauratori di Beni Librari Events 29-31 May, 1997 - Florence- Italy The Conservator-restorers' Professional Activities, Status, and Responsibility for the Cultural Heritage 1-29 september 1997 - Italy The Culture of photography (Cultura della fotografia) 10-18 September 1997 - Pulheim (Germany) The Fading of Colour Photographs 16-18 September 1997 - Washington Preservation Management of Photograph Collections - Saving Images for the Digital Age 8-11 October, 1997 - Alma Ata (Republic of Kazakhstan) The preservation and conservation of library and archive materials 23-24 October, 1997 - Chalon sur Saône (France) Computer Science & Conservation of Cultural Heritage 23-24 Octobre, 1997 - Chalon sur Saône (France) Informatique & conservation-restauration du patrimoine culturel The Pilot Electronic Library Project Within the creation of the new National Diet Library, an electronic library is being conceived with the help of the Japanese Information-Technology Promotion Agency (IPA). The project is in its experimental phase and will be developed so as to meet the demands of the advanced information culture of the 21st century. IPA was founded as an affiliate of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry. It has been promoting and fostering the information industry but had not been concerned with libraries before the project started. The National Diet Library (NDL) is the sole national and central library in Japan. In the plan that has been made for the new National Diet Library Kansai-kan (provisional name), it is stated that "the NDL of the 21st century should contribute to intellectual creativity and mutual understanding and provide comprehensive services to society as an information supplier. As a databank for the Diet it will give assistance to legal activities, fulfil its function as a national library, open both to the whole nation and globally by using information resources within the country and promoting universal circulation of information". The system, completed in October 1995, was installed at the Centre for Information Infrastructure (CII) on the Fujisawa campus of Keio University, and since then has been operating experimentally on the pilot project server machines where two CD-ROM changers and the necessary network equipment are to be found. The CD-ROM changers contain a thousand CD-ROMs, among which frequently used ones are stored on magnetic discs. The Centre is equipped with the two kinds of high-speed LANs (Local Area Network), ATM B-ISDN (Asynchonous Transfer Mode-Broad Integrated Services Digital Network multimedia) and an experimental line of Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation and FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) to have access to Interned and WWW servers. It is connected to the NDL and other institutions through ATM networks. Ten million pages have been digitized The NDL environment is not so different from the CII's so that patrons can use the pilot electronic library system irrespective of the location of data. A number of books and journals held by the NDL or offered by publishers have been digitized. When one considers the accessibility to the contents themselves as well as their bibliographical information, the information concerning libraries amounts to an enormous volume from the viewpoint of computer technology. Ten million pages have been digitized, amongst which are: Books published during the Meiji Era have been digitized from microfilms. The conditions for image file format are applicable to other categories of materials, except for rare books, paperback series (full-text available) and Issue Brief (namely, research reports for the Diet members). The rare Books collection of the NDL has been digitized in colour image (24 bit full color) after being photographed on color reversal films (4x5 inches or 35 mm, according to original forms); Joint Photographic Expend Group is the file format for image compression; Photo CD is an intermediary medium; 4000 x 5000 dots for 4 x 5 in. All the image data converted to GIF format were tansferred onto magnetic discs for quick response. Books on economics held by the NDL publihsed around WWII have been microfilmed and digitized in monochrome image. Journals published in Japan have been digitized in monochrome image by auto-feed scanner. Issue Brief (research report for the Diet members) have been scanned by OCR and after being examined twice converted to plain text, with inserted simple tags made available as a full-text database for retrieval and display. They have been digitized in monochrome image by auto-feed scanner. Modern Japanese political and historical documents have been digitized in monochrome image by film scanner from 35 mm film rolls. Materials provided by publishers have been digitized in monochrome image by various methods according to original formats. Extended access is being prepared Most of the system contents are under restriction of copyright holders or owners of the materials and it is difficult to present them to the public at present. One hundred monitors from those concerned with a digital library system have been selected among libraries, publishers, schools, computer industries and information suppliers to be tested free of charge. Considering the possiblity of availability on the Internet, the project is prepared for extended access in the near future. Available contents are those already free from copyright regulations and those expected to be easy to clear, consulting copyright holders' intention, if necessary. Experimental use of audio-visual data is under investigation as a future task, but the present system deals with data from books and journals. Attention is paid to image data producing so that one can read original scripts without difficulty and to provide appropriate data capacity on the computer display. Such formats are used for image data and can be used with many kinds of scanners, such as TIFF rev 6, Class F (MMR compression) for monochrome data and JPEG for color data. Data are converted to GIF format for transmission to be made available to Internet users. Text data have been tagged in consideration of convertibility to SGML. For bibliographical information, existing data of Japan/MARC or Periodicals Index are used so as not to make a unique unstandardized system. TCP/IP, which is the de facto standard protocol, is used for data availability in networks, and UNIX machines are used for inter-operability. Whether the level of experimentation should be transformed to practical operation is now being examined. Hiroyuki Taya Chief Assistant Planning Division, Administrative Department National Diet Library Safeguarding the Oral Heritage in Australia Safeguarding the oral heritage in Australia is more than a matter of building and preserving collections. The rich oral heritage of this country has been nourished by thousands of years of oral culture, and enriched by one of the most diverse cultural and ethnic mixes in the world. It is still hard to see whether this heritage is being further enriched or impoverished by recurring waves of technology that seem to diminish person-to-person interaction. Indeed Australians are among the world's most enthusiastic takers-up of new communications technologies. True believers are inclined to argue at length about what is oral history, folkore, ethnomusicology, or published sound. This paper will take a broad and perhaps superficial approach that recognizes as oral heritage such diverse manifestations as: historic recordings of indigenous language speakers, former politicians discussing their terms in office, migration experiences, indigenous gumleaf players, old folk remembering how things used to be, unemployed young people talking about how it is right now, collections of interviews around particular events or trends loosely described as social history, well researched and structured autobiographical interviews with prominent individuals, and essentially non-commercial recordings documenting songs, stories, music. Under the banner of oral history and folklore, I will focus on how well these are documented and preserved. A network of folk revival organizations "Collecting" - recording oral heritage - has been quite actively pursued. The Oral History Association has branches in most states, publishes an annual journal and organises a biennial national conference (to be held in Alice Springs in Central Australia in September 1997). There are strong personal links between the Association and many of the institutions involved in active collecting, storing and preserving material. On the folklore front, the existence of a strong network of folk revival organizations does not accurately reflect the level of folklore collecting activity, which has depended on the extraordinary efforts of a relatively few individuals, often supported by institutions and grants but basically defining and organising their own collecting effort, usually within their own areas of interest. At least 500 collections have been indexed In terms of safeguarding collections two major initiatives over the past decade stand out. In 1986 the Commonwealth government set up a Committee of Inquiry into Folklife in Australia. Its Report, released in 1987, was an attempt to provide some direction within a series of broad management proposals, including the establishment of an Australian Folklife Centre "to provide a national focus for action to record, safeguard, and promote Australia's heritage of folklife" (p. 273). The Report proposed a close working relationship between this Centre and existing national institutions which would house and preserve a National Collection of Australian Folklife. Those key recommendations of the Committee were not taken up, but the Inquiry, which attracted almost 250 substantial written submissions, did help focus and stimulate the efforts of a number of national institutions and raised the profile of folklife collecting. In 1992, Australian libraries held a conference in Canberra entitled "Towards Federation 2001: Linking Australians and their Heritage". One of the conference resolutions was that a national directory of oral history and folklore collections should be compiled. After some years' work by a committee with representatives from all states and territories the directory is ready for release in draft form. It is not exhaustive -there are almost certainly other collections in private hands that have been missed- but it will still be an extraordinarily useful document for looking at the state of oral heritage in Australia. The Australian Oral History Directory lists some 500 collections held around the country, varying in size from more than 30,000 hours in the National Library of Autralia (NLA), down to half a dozen collections comprising just one tape (not necessarily a true indication of importance!). Although there are at least 11 collections holding more than 1,000 hours of material, there are a lot of very small collections: two fifths of entries are for collections containing 20 or fewer items, while more than one fifth contain 10 or less. The directory also tells us a lot about where material is held, though less about its condition and how well collections are stored and managed. National institutions with significant holdings include the NLA, Australian Institute for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, National Film and Sound Archive, Australian Broadcasting Commission, Australian War Memorial, National Museum of Australia, National Maritime Museum, and Australian Archives. Most of these hold material of national significance within a particular collecting mandate. Aboriginal groups have set up projects However, many oral heritage materials are of regional or local significance so it is not surprising that some of the largest collections are held by State libraries and State archives services, while more than 200 entries are for collections held by local government bodies (mainly public libraries) or volunteer-based local history societies. There are smaller but still significant holdings in the hands of organizations like schools, religious bodies, professional and occupational associations, companies, government departments, ethnic communities, community theatres, sporting associations and recreational groups. Many of these are using oral history as a tool to document their own development. The oral heritage of indigenous peoples has been a research focus for many decades, but in recent years a number of Aboriginal groups have set up their own exciting projects documenting, reclaiming, and in some cases returning their oral heritage to their communities. Academic institutions have played a special role. At least 26 universities are listed in the Directory; only two of these appear to hold exclusively corporate archives. Largely due to the research focus of individuals working in anthropology, history, music and English departments, a number of very important collections have been established in university libraries, archives, and faculties. These include the Australian Children's Folklore Collection at the University of Melbourne, the Western Victoria Oral History Project at Deakin University, the Archive of Australian Judaica at the University of Sydney, and the Western Australian Folklore Archive at the Curtin University of Technology. There are currently few programmes developing the disciplines of studying this material. Approximately 60 collections listed in the Directory are privately held. Most of these are small, but some are significant in content or size. Some are simply interesting, such as the 6 oral history interviews that constitute the Courtship and Dating Collection held by a private collector in Adelaide. Most recordings date back to the late forties Much of the material listed in the Directory was collected in the 1980s and 90s, and many projects are ongoing. The earliest oral heritage recordings include a 1928 collection of Aboriginal material held by the South Australian Museum Anthropology Department, and 1939 recordings held by NLA. Most of what we would recognize as oral history and folklore recording has happened since the introduction of the portable tape recorder following its adoption by historians in the late 1940s. So, Australia's recorded oral heritage is diverse in content, collected in truly diverse circumstances at different times, with a range of expectations and expertise, in a range of formats and standards. Some material has national significance, some mainly regional, local, or family value. While this diversity has many positives, it means that the safeguarding of that heritage material is very problematical. The Directory did not ask about threats and problems -with hindsight it could have told us much more about preservation needs than it does- but we can draw some inferences. And we do know that there are diverse approaches to preservation, often the subject of debate and disagreement about what is needed. DAT: higher quality but less stable format Most of the materials used to document oral heritage are unstable by nature, subject to the deterioration of carriers such as cellulose acetate and PVC tapes and polyurethane binders. Their chemical and physical instability is exacerbated by unsuitable storage conditions such as high or fluctuating humidity, high temperatures, polluted air and exposure to magnetic fields. Field collecting has often been done in just such circumstances. The recordings are machine readable. When they fail, one can't hold them up to the light to recover information. The easiest to use, least expensive and most popular recording formats such as audio cassettes, are not particularly robust and are easily damaged by use and more quickly degraded by adverse storage conditions. Even for professional grade reel-to-reel tapes recovery methods (such as baking unplayable items) are difficult to control, expensive and risky. Technological change has always been a potential problem for sound recordings but it is becoming a pressing threat. It has introduced higher quality but less stable formats such as DAT (digital audio tape), and the rate of change is bringing forward the time when recordings must be copied even if they are in excellent condition.There have been a number of responses to these challenges, including safe storage, copying, transcription, and publishing. Safe storage and copying are insured by State institutions Many people are relying on storage in suitable conditions either in their own facilities or by transferring to repositories in State libraries and other institutions. This seems to be worth doing just to improve security against theft or disaster. It is most useful where conditions can be maintained that will significantly slow down the rate of deterioration. Conditions need to be cool, dry, stable and clean (for example, in line with the 1995 recommendations of John van Bogart of the US National Media Lab). Even though safe storage buys time and so can be considered necessary for preservation, it does not by itself resolve the problems of technological change so it is almost certainly not sufficient. The most widely accepted standard for sound archiving is to copy material, producing a preservation master (to be put away and only used to migrate to a preservation master in another format), a back-up copy, and a user copy. Sound archives try to ensure that they use high quality materials and spread their risk by using different types of carrier for preservation and back-up copies. Increasingly, as the commercial market for analogue audio technology shrinks, digital technology is being used to make the preservation copy (often on Recordable-CD), providing a carrier that is expected to outlive the technology needed to read it, and a format that can be copied without data loss at faster than real time when migration is necessary. Some institutions, including NLA, are still backing-up their digital copy with an analogue reel-to-reel tape; in line with current International Association of Sound and Audio-Visual Archives (IASAVA) Technical Committee recommendations. Even where collection managers are not able to provide this level of archiving many still look to some kind of copying to reduce the risk of loss associated with use. Transcription and publications are other preservation alternatives Converting the information content of a sound recording to a written form is widely used to provide a level of access and to document the recording in case of loss. The adequacy of transcripts as a preservation measure depends on the purposes of the collection: in many cases the recorded sound is considered important, and the transcript a pale reflection. However, where the sound recording is unlikely to survive a verbatim transcript may be the only feasible preservation path. Transcription is an expensive process, unless it can be done by volunteers. In the not-too-distant future it may be possible to generate transcripts automatically from sound recordings using voice recognition software; it is already possible to link indexing point in digital sound files with key indexing points in summaries. For larger institutions able to access this technology, the days of the verbatim transcript as a standard oral history tool may be numbered. On the other hand, digitised transcriptions themselves can provide a level of networked access that we may not be able to achieve with sound recordings for some time. Few collections are managed with an integrated archiving plan Sixty of the smaller collections in the Directory indicate that their recorded material has been or will be used in publications or in unpublished university theses. Of course, many of the collections in larger institutions are also drawn on for published research. This may amount to a kind of representative preservation for part of their intellectual content, which may be adequate in some cases (although most collectors and curators are still keen to maintain access to the primary source material). Just how widely and how well these and other preservation approaches are being used is hard to determine. Until we ask the right questions we will not know. Anecdotal evidence suggests that few collections are being managed with an integrated archiving plan incorporating reasonably stable materials, safe storage, reliable back-ups, and migration to deal with technological change. Many more are using transcription and/or publication, but even then almost half of the entries in the Directory indicate either no or very few transcripts have been made. Cooperative preservation action is certainly the key Improving the situation will be challenging. Beyond letting material become unusable we know there are no easy solutions, especially for such a diverse and dispersed national collections (if such a concept is even appropriate). Full scale sound archiving is expensive and few institutions have spare resources to deal actively with material outside their own collections. As with other preservation challenges, we know that education, information, advice, guidelines and standards can help. (Edgar Waters' booklet mentioned in the references is a good example). But even with good guidelines and advice, resource issues still seem critical for such technology dependant material. In such a context the very worthwhile objective of supporting local control and care of local materials is itself a powerful constraint. On the other hand, we have had very good experience with cooperative preservation action in other fields. It worked for "The Last Film Search" project locating cellulose nitrate films before they turned to dust or flame, and it is currently working for NPLAN, the National Plan for Australian Newspapers, which has brought all State libraries and the National Library together to locate and preserve copies of all known Australian newspapers. There has been talk of a National Serials Plan along the same lines, and similar collaboration will be needed for the preservation of digital information. So perhaps there is room to be optimistic about cooperative action for at risk oral heritage materials. Already there are some links between institutions, some assistance provided and preservation responsibilities identified. If we are to take further action, we will need to follow up on the information our Oral History Directory gives us; we will need to talk to each other more, and in ways that don't push buttons of defensiveness. And we will need to find ways into a Pandora's box of expectations that we can cope with. Note: The author acknowledges the assistance of Kevin Bradley (Sound Preservation) and National Library of Australia, and collection managers in a number of other institutions, in preparing this article. The views expressed, however, are his own. References Committee of Inquiry into Folklife in Australia, Folklife: our Living Heritage, AGPS, Canberra, 1987, ISBN 0 664 06710 1. IASAVA Technical Committee, Annual Conference, Perugia, August/September 1996. Minutes of Working Meeting, unpublished. Van Bogart, John. Magnetic Tape Storage and Handling: A Guide for Libraries and Archives. St. Paul: Commission on Preservation and Access & National Media Laboratory,1995, ISBN 1-887334-40-8. Waters, Edgar. Guidelines for Audio and Audiovisual Recording in the South Pacific. Canberra: National Library of Australia, 1995. Available online at URL: http://www.nla.gov.an/niac/watersla.html Sauvegarde le patrimoine oral en Australie La collecte de témoignages oraux a toujours été très active en Australie où le patrimoine oral comporte aussi bien des enregistrements de dialectes arborigènes que des commentaires de toutes les tranches d'âge sur la société contemporaine. L'Association de l'Histoire Orale, représenté sur tout le territoire par ses branches régionales, a publié un répertoire national recensant les collections audio. La Bibliothèque nationale et les Archives d'état possèdent les plus importantes collections et sont les plus aptes à assurer leur préservation, mais les sociétés historiques, les écoles et les universités sont aussi riches en enregistrements de ce genre. Le Répertoire recense plus de 60 collectionneurs privés et quelque 500 collections et sa liste n'est pas exhaustive. Certains documents sont d'un intérêt national, d'autres ont une valeur régionale, locale ou même seulement familiale. Le problème lié à leur sauvegarde est épineux car les enregistrements sont sur bandes magnétiques instables et sont conservés dans de mauvaises conditions. Dans d'autres cas, se pose le problème de l'obsolescence des appareils de lecture. Une solution possible consiste à confier aux institutions d'état qui pratiquent la copie (master, copie de sauvegarde et de communication) la préservation des collections privées. La transcription et la publications sont d'autres méthodes de sauvegarde pratiquées surtout par les universités mais elles entraînent une perte évidente. Une solution nationale de conservation doit être envisagée à l'exemple de programmes de coopération, tel le "NPLAN" grâce auquel les exemplaires de tous les périodiques australiens ont pu être localisés et conservés. Aucune action constructive ne pourra être efficace sans concertation ni bonne volonté. Salvaguarda del patrimonio oral en Australia La recopilación de testimonios orales siempre ha sido muy activa en Australia, especialmente a través de diversas asociaciones, entre las cuales se encuentra la Asociación de la Historia Oral, que ha publicado un repertorio nacional en el que censa este tipo de colecciones. La Biblioteca Nacional y los Archivos des estado poseen las colecciones más importantes pero las sociedades históricas, las escuelas y las universidades son también ricas en testimonios. El repertorio también presenta un inventario de más de 60 coleccionistas privados y su lista ne es exhaustiva. Por patrimonio oral, el autor entiende tanto los registros de lenguas arborigenes, como testimonios de personas ancianas sobre una época pasada o de adolescentes sobre la sociedad contemporánea, incluyendo los debates de hombres políticos, etc. Ciertos documentos son de interés nacional, otros poseen valor regional, local e incluso familial. El problema vinculado a su salvaguarda es espinozo puesto que los registros se encuentran en cintas magnéticas inestables y se conservan en las peores condiciones. Una posible solución consiste en confiar a las instituciones de estado la preservación de las colecciones privadas que practican el copiado (matriz, copia de salvaguarda y de comunicación). Cabe destacar como otros medios de conservación la transcripción (que exige mucho tiempo y energia, al tiempo que provoca una pérdida evidente) y las publicaciones en el marco universitario. La solución más eficaz parece ser la sensibilización del publico y una cooperación leal entre las instituciones. Colin Webb Manager of Information Preservation National Library of Australia. Standards and Preservation of A/V Media and Data Among the most important elements of a successful A/V preservation programme are the adoption and consistent application of relevant procedures and protocols. Regardless of the action, the selection of inappropriate guidelines or the inconsistent or improper application of appropriate choices can -and probably will- lead to serious problems with or total loss of the very materials and data we wish to protect. The sources of information on procedures and techniques used in our work are numerous, varying from anecdotal reports, through manufacturers' recommendations, personal experience, popular and professional literature, and testing and evaluation of our respective institutions, to standards established by the national and international organizations. All have their weaknesses, from self-serving misinformation to compromises of purposes and/or misinterpretation of test data. Even the most reliable -official standards, with their closely controlled development, review and adoption processes- are produced by mere mortals with the blind spots, preconceived ideas, and personal interests that homo sapiens are known to carry. Even with such flaws the information coming from the national and international standards processes is the best guarantee available that the ramifications of particular recommendations and conclusions have been fully vetted before adoption. Standards of A/V are still few The first standards essential to the A/V preservationists are the specifications for the manufacturing world, dealing with such issues as size, form and performance tolerances. To willingly accept media which deviate from these without major reason is a virtual guarantee that preservation and continued access to the data carried will be costly and time consuming. Unfortunately, once we go beyond manufacturing specifications the number of standards directly relevant to the preservation of A/V media and data is limited, through growing. The greatest number of standards germane to A/V preservation are of film-based media (e.g. motion-pictures and microfilms, photographs and slides, etc.). Information in such publications ranges from proper techniques for developing and processing, through tests to determine scratch resistance and folding endurance, to specifications for packaging and storage to assure the greatest possible useable life (known in standards parlance as LE -or Life Expectancy). Similar standards related to the preservation of optical, magnetic, and mechanical media are only now being produced. The first documents, now completing the approval process of the joint working committee from the Audio Engineering Society Standards Committee's Sub Committee on Preservation and Restoration of Audio Recordings (AESSC-SC03) and the American National Standards Institute's National Association of Photographic Manufacturers' Technical Committee on Physical Properties and Permanence of Imaging Materials (ANSI/NAPM IT9-5) should be published shortly. The two documents due from both the ZES and ANSI are: Physical Properties and Permanence of Imaging Media: Polyester Base Magnetic Tape: Storage (ANSI/NAPM IT9-23 and AES22) and Life Expectancy of Compact Discs (CD-ROM): Methods for Estimating, Based on Effects of Temperature and Relative Humidity (ANSI/NAPM IT9.21 and AE28). Other documents in preparation from this cooperative effort include standards on handling of polyester-based magnetic tape; storage -including packaging and labelling- and handling of optical disc recordings; LE testing of magneto-optical discs, for recordable CDs, and for magnetic tape; and procedures for the preservation transfer/recording of magnetica tape. The procedure for agreeing upon standards is long and difficult Work on the AES/ANSI magnetic tape storage document cited above is an example of the type of work required necessary to produce a standard. For many years this document was held up in its working-group for lack of agreement on the storage environment that would maximize LE, or upon the peak external magnetic fields allowable in storage areas. Only when consensus was reached -and it should be clear that it was not unanimous agreement- that it was better to provide the best information on which the majority could reach working agreement was it possible to bring out the standard. As with all such documents, this standard will be reviewed when one or two events take place: either when the issuing body feels there is additional information on one or another aspect of the standard to justify review, or on automatic review five years after it is published. Development of a standard is undertaken when there is agreement among the members of a working group that a set of procedures or specification is needed. Developed by working groups, generally made up of a broad range of the interested community of potential users, standards reflect the needs, requirements, and concerns of their authors. Active participation in the writing, review, and balloting process is always welcome. If you are interested in working on the development of standards for preservation of A/V media and date, please contact me. Information on and copies of these and other standards related to preservation of A/V media and data can be acquired from a number of different sources, including: American National Standards Institute (ANSI) 11W 42nd St. New York, NY 10036 USA. Audio Engineering Society (AES) 60 East 42nd, Room 2520 New York, NY 10165-2520, USA. Commission Electrotechnique Internationale = International Electrotechnical Commission (CEI = ICE) See ISO. International Standards Organization (ISO) 3, rue de Varembé Genève, Switzerland. Japanese Standards Association 1-24 Akasaka, Minato-ku Tokyo 107 Japan. Standards Council of Canada 45 O'Connor St., Suite 1200 Ottawa K1P 6N7 Ontario, Canada. Selected List of Standards Relevant to Preservation of A/V Media Note: these are representative of the wide range of standards -always specify that you want the latest edition. Life-expectancy of compact discs (CD-ROM): Method for estimating, based on effects of temperature and relative humitidy. - (AES28; ANSI/NAPM IT9.21). Method for estimating life expectancy of compact discs (CD-ROM): Based on effects of temperature and relative humidity. - (AES28; ANSI/NAPM IT9.21). Physical properties and permanence of imaging media: Polyester base magnetic tape: Storage. - (AES22; ANSI/NAPM IT9.23). Specifications for thermally-activated dry-mounting tissue for mounting photographs. - (ANSI; v. PH4.21 (1979)). Standard for imaging media: Photographic films, plates and papers : Filing enclosures and storage containers. - (ANSI/NAPM IT9.2; ISO 10214). Standard for imaging media: Stability of color photographic images: Methods for measuring. - (ANSI/NAPM IT9.9; ISO 10977). Standard for imaging media (film): Ammonia-processed diazo films: Specifications for stability. - (ANSI/NAPM IT9.5; ISO 8225). Standard for imaging media (film): Determination of the curl in photographic film. - (ANSI/NAPM IT9.10; ISO 4330). Standard for imaging media (film): Photography: Processed vesicular photographic film: Specifications for stability. - (ANSI/NAPM IT9.12). Standard for imaging media (film): Processed safety photographic film: Storage. - (ANSI/NAPM IT9.11; ISO 5466). Standard for imaging media (film): Silver-gelatin type: Specifications for stability. - (ANSI/NAPM IT9.1). Standard for imaging media (film): Thermally processed silver microfilm: Specifications for stability. - (ANSI/NAPM IT9.19). Standard for imaging media (photography): Photographic activity test. - (ANSI/NAMP IT9.16). Standard for imaging media (photography): The Effectiveness of chemical conversion of silver images against oxidation: Methods for measuring. - (ANSI/NAPM IT9.15). Standard for photograhic film: Determination of folding endurance. - (ANSI/NAPM IT9.8; ISO 8776). Standard for photography: Determination of residual thiosulfate and other related chemicals in processed photographic materials: Methods using iodine-amylose, methylene blue, and silver sulfide. - (ANSI/NAPM IT9.17; ISO 417). Standard for photography: Films and papers: Determination of dimensional change. - ANSI/NAPM IT9.3; ISO 6221). Standard for photography: Photographic films: Specifications for safety film. - (ANSI:NAPM IT9.6; ISO 543). Standard for photography: Photographic films and papers: Wedge test for brittleness. - (ANSI/NAPM IT9.7. ISO 6077). Standard for the storage and handling of cellulose nitrate motion picture film. National Fire Protection Association, NFPA 40). Storage of Polyester-base Magnetic Tape - (AES22; ANSI/NAPM IT9.23). Normalisation et preservation des supports audiovisuels et des donnees informatiques Un programme de préservation des documents audiovisuels ne peut être réellement efficace sans le respect des normes établies. Malgré leurs imperfections, celles-ci relèvent d'un consensus entre spécialistes qui s'informent auprès des sources les plus diverses : recommandations des fabricants, rapports professionnels, littérature spécialisée et grand public, tests menés dans les bibliothèques, etc. Une fois adoptées, les normes sont encore sujettes à révision, à l'occasion d'une nouvelle information d'importance ou automatiquement tous les cinq ans. Les normes élaborées jusqu'à présent dans le domaine de la préservation des documents A/V concernaient surtout les films. Celles relatives aux supports optiques, magnétiques et mécaniques commencent à apparaître. L'auteur invite toute personne intéressée par la rédaction, la révision et/ou l'adotion de normes à le contacter. Normas y preservación de medios audiovisuales y datos Un programa de preservación de documentos audiovisuales no puede ser realmente eficaz sin el respeto de las normas establecidas. Lejos de ser perfectas, éstas revelan un consenso entre los especialistas que adquieren información de las fuentes más diversas: recomendaciones de fabricantes, relaciones profesionales, literatura especializada y público en general, pruebas realizadas en las bibliotecas, etc. Una vez adoptadas, las normas se somenten a revisión, cuando surge una información de importancia o cuando le corresponda su revisión automática cada cinco años. Las normas creadas hasta el presente en el campo de la preservación de documentos audiovisuales rigen, sobre todo, a las películas. Aquéllas relativas a los soportes ópticos, magnéticos y mecánicos comienzan a aparecer. El autor invita a que lo contacten todas las personas interesadas en la redacción, revisión y/o adopción de las normas. Gerald Gibson Preservation Research and Testing Division Library of Congress Washington, D.C., USA Deux circuits majeurs pour conserver les imprimés de la Bibliothèque nationale de France Le nouveau bâtiment de la Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF), inauguré en décembre dernier, témoigne de la place légitime qui revient à la conservation, celle-ci étant devenue une activité intégrée à la gestion globale de la bibliothèque. Ce texte présente le circuit de conservation des imprimés qui devraient déménager d'ici peu. Le nouveau site de la BnF accueille un vaste ensemble d'ateliers dédiés à la préservation des collections, qui s'inscrit dans une conception globale des activités de conservation menées dans l'établissement. Il s'agit de prendre en compte, le plus en amont possible, les besoins de traitement physique de chaque document quel que soit son origine, son mode d'entrée dans les collections et sa destination, et ce dans un souci de rationalisation économique des dépenses de conservation. Les documents traités par les ateliers de conservation du nouveau bâtiment, appelé communément "site de Tolbiac", sont essentiellement des imprimés provenant des collections de la Direction de l'Imprimé et de l'Audiovisuel (monographies imprimées, publications en série, cartes). Les documents audiovisuels sont traités dans des ateliers spécialisés internes au Département de l'Audiovisuel. Les autres documents de la BnF, appartenant pour une large part aux collections spécialisées du site Richelieu sont traités sur d'autres sites, notamment à Sablé-sur-Sarthe et à Provins. Les ateliers comportent deux entités complémentaires, le service de préservation et le service de reproduction à la demande. Ce dernier participe de la politique de conservation dans la mesure où la sortie d'un document original pour reproduction pourra lui permettre de subir un traitement de maintenance. Par ailleurs une demande de reproduction émanant d'un lecteur peut donner lieu à la réalisation d'une microforme de sauvegarde et de consultation contribuant par la suite à un allégement de la pression sur les collections originales. Quant à la reproduction par programme de sauvegarde, elle sera entièrement assurée au Centre technique de Marne-la-Vallée. Deux circuits majeurs Le Service Préservation comporte deux circuits de traitement des documents imprimés, le premier destiné aux ouvrages traités dès leur entrée dans l'établissement et avant leur première mise en rayon (circuit initial), le second destiné aux ouvrages prélevés dans les magasins ou les salles de lecture après leur mise en rayon (circuit secondaire). Le circuit initial comporte essentiellement des activités de reliure tandis que le circuit secondaire se compose d'ateliers de maintenance dite "légère" (dépoussiérage, petites réparations, dorure, conditionnement, nouvelle reliure, etc.). Si le traitement nécessite un temps important, un équipement lourd et des compétences pointues en matière de restauration, les documents sont envoyés au Centre technique de la BnF à Marne-la-Vallée. Dans d'autres cas, les ouvrages partent en sous-traitance chez des prestataires extérieurs. Tous les documents doivent obligatoirement passer par les postes de définition du Service Préservation. Ces derniers permettent, telle une gare de triage, d'orienter les documents vers les différentes filières de traitement du Service Préservation du Centre technique ou des prestataires extérieurs. De même, au retour du traitement, que celui-ci soit effectué en interne ou à l'extérieur, les documents seront examinés au contrôle qualité du service préservation. Ainsi, circuit initial et circuit secondaire sont deux ensembles d'ateliers complémentaires étroitement dépendants d'une troisième entité (définition des traitements-contrôle qualité) en amont et en aval des traitements. Le circuit initial : une activité à flux tendus L'ambition de la BnF étant d'avoir un dispositif de conservation capable de traiter une grande quantité de documents, les traitements doivent être programmés à long terme. Un système de filières de traitement par lots homogènes est prévu afin de regrouper les documents en vue d'un traitement de masse. Les lots de documents seront "pistés" informatiquement lors des différentes étapes de leur parcours (le plus souvent à l'entrée et à la sortie de chaque atelier) pour déterminer à tout moment dans quelle zone se trouve tel ou tel document. Tout document entrant à la BnF, soit par dépôt légal, soit par acquisition, recevra un traitement lui permettant de résister à l'usage pour lequel il est destiné. Les monographies et publications en série reçues du Dépôt légal et destinées à la communication en rez-de-jardin (l'espace réservé aux chercheurs) devront recevoir un traitement permettant une durée de conservation quasi illimitée. Les titres acquis par la bibliothèque pour le haut-de-jardin (l'espace destiné au grand public) devront résister au moins 10 ans à un usage intensif. Les cartes destinées au libre accès seront également renforcées. Dans les deux cas, les traitements effectués en atelier devront permettre une mise en rayon aussi rapide que possible, il s'agit donc pour les ateliers du circuit initial d'un travail à "flux tendus". Une aide à la définition des traitements Les indications de traitement accompagnant les documents sous forme de bordereaux seront transformées en données opérationnelles sur les postes informatiques qui offrent une aide à la définition des traitements. Une fois les modalités de traitement prescrites (choix de la reliure, des toiles, du conditionnement...) chaque document sera affecté à un lot homogène de traitement. A la sortie de l'atelier de définition, les lots seront constitués et orientés soit vers l'un des ateliers de reliure interne, soit vers la zone d'expédition avant envoi chez les prestataires. A l'exception des cartes en libre accès qui seront systématiquement renforcées par doublage (plastification à chaud ou à froid), les documents passant dans le circuit initial seront reliés. La plus grande part d'entre eux iront dans l'atelier de reliure mécanisée où ils subiront une série de traitements (préparation des documents, renforcement du corps d'ouvrage, traitement ou remplacement de la couvrure, assemblage). Une partie de l'atelier est néanmoins équipée pour une reliure plus traditionnelle. Environ 20% des documents ne subiront aucun traitement parce qu'ils seront déjà correctement reliés pour faire face à un usage intensif en libre accès. Ils recevront uniquement un équipement léger avant leur mise en rayon. Les documents qui n'ont pas besoin de reliure mais d'une simple protection iront directement dans l'atelier de conditionnement. Le passage au contrôle qualité permet de vérifier la conformité des traitements effectués avec les prescriptions. Le travail réalisé est ensuite validé dans la base ou le document attribué à un nouveau lot de traitement si nécessaire. Les travaux exécutés chez les prestataires sont également vérifiés. Le circuit secondaire répond à un double objectif La mise en place des ateliers du circuit secondaire (ateliers de maintenance légère) répond à un double objectif : traiter de façon systématique la masse de documents imprimés dont la BnF est le dépositaire depuis des siècles (1) (5% des document imprimés doivent être examinés tous les ans) et répondre aux demandes urgentes de réparation qui se font jour au moment de la communication des documents aux lecteurs (2). En collaboration avec les responsables de collections des départements, la Direction des Services de Conservation établit des programmes de traitement des documents. Une fois ces programmes établis et validés, les documents seront prélevés en magasin et envoyés dans les ateliers selon des plans de charge étudiés. Une zone de stockage tampon permettra de réguler le flux des documents arrivant en maintenance. Les documents seront systématiquement dépoussiérés avant même de passer aux postes de définition. Des postes ergonomiques avec brosses mobiles et air comprimé, fonctionnant sous hotte, autoriseront un dépoussiérage de masse efficace. Des postes informatiques analogues à ceux du circuit initial permettront de définir les traitements de maintenance. Des gammes opératoires de traitement seront établies en fonction des demandes des départements. Chaque document sera affecté à un lot correspondant à une filière de traitement. Ces lots seront ensuite attribués, soit aux ateliers internes du site de Tolbiac, soit aux ateliers du Centre technique de Marne-la-Vallée ou bien à des prestataires extérieurs. Une fiche de santé comme carte d'identité Chaque document traité ou unité de conservation possèdera une "fiche de santé". Il s'agit d'un document informatique constitué lors de la première demande de traitement et enrichi au fur et à mesure du passage des documents dans les ateliers. Ces données enregistrées qui permettront de garder une trace des traitements effectués seront réutilisables lors de la définition de nouveaux traitements. Les ateliers du circuit secondaire comportent quatre ensembles répondant à des besoins différents : l'ensemble des documents nécessitant soit une nouvelle reliure, soit une première reliure pour les périodiques après constitution des unités de conservation, seront traités dans l'atelier de débrochage avant d'être envoyés à la reliure. Cet atelier est complété par un atelier de réparations reliure-dorure qui permettra notamment de pratiquer les réparations sur les couvertures et les ruptures de liaison entre corps d'ouvrage et couverture ainsi que la fabrication de pièces de titre perdues ou abîmées. Deux ateliers de maintenance permettront les opérations d'entretien et petites réparations. Le premier sera consacré au traitement des corps d'ouvrages (opérations de mise à plat, gommage, doublage) et le second aux couvertures en différents matériaux (cuir, papier, parchemin ou toiles). Des opérations de gommage, lavage, cirage (pour les cuirs) y seront pratiquées. Un atelier de conditionnement produira des boîtes sur mesure pour les documents d'une épaisseur supérieure à 20mm. Ces boîtes seront fabriquées grâce à une table de découpe pilotée par ordinateur. L'atelier assurera aussi, dans une moindre mesure, le conditionnement standard. Les documents traités dans ces ateliers seront ensuite vérifiés au contrôle qualité. Un atelier de préparation des documents avant expositions Contrairement aux autres ateliers, les activités de l'atelier de préparation des documents avant exposition ne relèvent pas de l'entretien et de la maintenance. Cet atelier, qui a plutôt pour mission de participer à la mise en valeur des documents destinés à être exposés sur le site de Tolbiac et ceci dans le respect des règles de conservation, fait néanmoins partie du circuit secondaire. Il fonctionne depuis le mois de septembre 1996 et a largement contribué à la préparation de l'exposition inaugurant l'ouverture du nouveau bâtiment en confectionnant des supports de présentation pour les documents : lutrins en plexiglas et coussins remplis de billes de verre. Ce travail a permis la présentation de près de 400 documents de l'exposition. Destiné à être polyvalent, cet atelier assurera aussi bien la réalisation de supports pour ouvrages que d'encadrements pour les documents en feuilles. Des travaux d'encapsulation sous matériaux polyester seront également possibles. La montée en charge est progressive Les ateliers du Service Préservation de la Bibliothèque nationale de France occupent près de 4000 m2 dans le socle de la bibliothèque, dans le bandeau nord. La montée en charge des ateliers se fait de manière progressive. Les premières activités mises en place concernent la définition des traitements-contrôle-qualité et la préparation des documents avant exposition. Les travaux de reliure sont pour l'instant essentiellement envoyés chez des prestataires extérieurs après le passage aux postes de définition et la constitution des trains. Le fonctionnement optimisé de ces ateliers est le fait d'une étroite et fructueuse collaboration avec les départements responsables des collections et sera amélioré par la mise en place définitive du système d'information de l'établissement. 3/4 des documents envoyés en maintenance. 1/4 des documents envoyés en maintenance proviendront de prélèvements dits "au fil de l'eau". Two major cuircuits for preserving printed documents at the BnF The new building of the Bibliothèque nationale de France which was originally built in the XIIIth district of Paris, named "Tolbiac", has been conceived in order to meet preservation requirements and to give it the place it deserves within the global management of the library. Printed documents will be moved shortly. These consist of monographs, serials and maps. A/V carriers are cared for by the department of A/V which has its own laboratories. As for specialised collections, they will be reorganized within the traditional building of BnF, in rue de Richelieu. 4.000 m2 of laboratories are awaiting printed documents to be protected. Preservation activities will be orientated in a twofold manner. The "initial circuit "of preservation has been created to protect newly acquired documents from legal deposit or through purchase before their being shelved. The second circuit is intended for books or serials that will be selected from the reading rooms or storage areas. They will be given light treatment, such as dusting, small repairs, girlding, enclosures or new bindings). If more important treatment is needed, the document will be sent to the Technical centre at Marne-la-Valléee where mass treatment equipment is installed. Staff from the preservation service are responsible for orientating documents into one of these circuits and for checking the quality of the treatments once they are returned. Another laboratory has been created to protect documents before exhibits. Duplication is a third preservation alternative, be it either upon the reader's request - which will lead to the preparation of a master for preservation purposes - or as part of the duplication programme performed at the Technical Centre. Dos circuitos principales para conservar los materiales impresos de la Biblioteca nacional de Francia El nuevo edificio de la Biblioteca Nacional de Francia, construido en el distrito XIII de Paris, denominado Tolbiac, fue concebido para satisfacer los requerimientos de preservación y brindar el espacio que ésta merece dentro de la gerencia golbal de la biblioteca. Prontamente, se mundará los documentos impresos, que comprenden monografías, publicaciones seriada y mapas. Los soportes del material audiovisual (AV) estarán al cuidado del departamento de AV que posee sus propios laboratorios. Por su parte, las colecciones especializadas serán reorganizadas dentro del edificio tradicional de la BnF, en la calle Richelieu. Cuatro mil metros cuadrados de laboratorios están a la espera de los documentos impresos que recibirán protección. Las actividades de preservación estan orientadas hacia dos direcciones: el "circuito initial" de preservación, que ha sido creado para proteger los documentos recién adquiridos, a través de la ley de depósito legal o su compra antes de ser almacenados; y el "segundo circuito", dirigido a libros o publicaciones seriadas que séran seleccionados de los salones de lectura o de areas de almacenamiento. El material recibirá un tratamiento ligero, como por ejemplo el desempolvamiento, nuevas encuadernaciones, reparaciones menores y protectores temporales y permanentes. Cuando se requiera tratamientos de mayor envergadura se enviará los documentos al Centro Técnico Marne-la-Vallée donde está instalado el equipo de tratamiento en masa. El personal del Servicio de Preservación tiene la responsabilidad de canalizar los documentos hacia alguno de los circuitos y verificar la calidad de los tratamientos una vez que hayan sido regresados. Se ha crado otro laboratorio con la finalidad de proteger los documentos antes de exhibirse. La duplicación constituye una tercera alternativa de preservación, ya sea por solicitud del lector - lo que conduce a la preparación de una matriz para fines de preservación - o como parte del programa de duplicación ejecutado en en Centro Técnico. Jean-Pascal Abcarios Adjoint au Chef du Service de Préservation Responsable du"circuit secondaire" Bibliothèque nationale de France PAC News Round-Table on photographs - Rio de Janeiro 27-28-29 November 1996. Financed by Unesco, coordinated and organized by the PAC Regional Centre at the National Library of Venezuela and the PAC International Centre, with the help of IFLA-LAC and the National Library of Brazil. The aim of this meeting was to survey the photographic collections of XIXth century Latin America, to standardize their cataloguing, classificatio, indexation and preservation among institutions and prepare a seminar on the preservation policies of photographs. The following countries were represented: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Cuba, Peru, and Venezuela. Each institution presented its photographic collections, storage conditions (temperature and relative humidity, types of enclosures, shelving). Except for the National Library of Brazil, which is a leader in the preservation of its photographic heritage thanks to the PROFOTO project, most institutions suffer from lack of air-conditioning and air-filtering along with a rather high level of relative humidity. There is also fluorescent lighting which is switched off as often as possible. Institutions that practise restoration of photographs presented their respective treatments and reproduction policies. All of them concluded that: photographs must not be photocopied, originals must not be in contact with digitizing machines and they should work in close cooperation with specialized centres in order to establish standards for exhibitions, reproduction and lending. Digitization is not a suitable solution to the preservation of photographs but should be considered a means of access and recording. Titles of books that could be translated into Spanish and Portuguese were selected and stress was laid on standardizing the terminology of photographic processes. A glossary will be the outcome. A package with bibliographical records, list of suppliers and of technical standards will be prepared. Finally, a common strategy at national and regional levels was elaborated and responsibilities were distributed among participating countries to unite their efforts within a concerted policy. A CD-Rom of XIXth century Latin American photographs will be released soon Within "Memory of the World", UNESCO and IFLA signed a contract for the production of a CD-Rom of some 3.000 to 5.000 photographs of XIXth century reflecting the social and political aspects of Latin America. The project has been launched by the PAC International Centre in Paris and will be headed by the PAC Regional Centre in Caracas with the help of ten national libraries from Latin America and the Caribbean. Photographs will be digitized from microfilms or copies by the University of Colima in Mexico that will be responsible for releasing the CD-Rom too. Selected pictures will be mounted on the internet. The aim of the project is to guarantee better access to collections in Latin America and to raise awareness among authorities, curators and librarians on the safeguarding of photographs that are an indispensable complement to traditional collections. Public and private libraries, archives, museums are mostly interested in the project and wish to be involved. The CD-Rom should be available by the end of the year. Mesa redonda sobre fotografias - Rio de Janeiro - 27-28-29 de Noviembre de 1996 Esta mesa redonda fue financiada por la UNESCO y coordinada y organizada por el Centro Regional IFLA PAC de la Biblioteca Nacional de Venezuela y el Centro Internacional PAC, con la colaboración de IFLA-LAC y de la Biblioteca Nacional de Brasil. Dicha reunión tenía como objetivo realizar un estudio de las colecciones fotográficas del siglo XIX de América Latina y el Caribe, a fin de normalizar su catalogación, clasificación, indexación y preservación entre las instituciones, asi como preparar un seminario sobre políticas de preservación de fotografías. Los siguientes paises contaron con representación en la reunión: Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Cuba, Perú y Venezuela. Cada institución presentó sus colecciones fotográficas y sus condiciones de almacenamiento (temperatura y humedad relativa, tipo de protectores, estanteria). Sin embargo, para la Biblioteca Nacional de Brasil - lider en la preservación de su patrimonio fotográfico gracias al proyecto PROFOTO - la mayoria de las instituciones sufren la falta de aire acondicionado y filtrado, condición aunada a un nivel un tanto alto de humedad relativa. Usualmente, existe luz fluorescente que se mantiene encendida por el mayor tiempo posible. Las instituciones que practican la restauración de las fotografías presentaron su respectivos tratamientos y políticas de reproducción. Todas estas instituciones llegaron a la conclusión de que las fotografías no deben fotocopiarse, los originales no deben estar en contacto con máquinas de digitalización. Se debe trabajar en estrecha colaboración con los centros specializados de manera de establecer normas par exposiciones, reproducción y préstamo. La digitalización no es la solución adecuada para la preservación de fotografías, debe más bien considerarse como medio de acceso y grabación. Se hizo una selección de los títulos de libros que puedan traducirse al español y al portugués y se enfatizó la normalización de la terminologia de procesos fotográficos. El resultado será un glosario. Se preparará un paquete con registros bibliográficos, lista de proveedores y normas técnicas. Finalmente, se elaboró una estrategia común a nivel nacional y regional y se estableció las responsabilidades entre los paises participantes para unir esfuerzos dentro de una política concertada. Pronto un CD-Rom sobre fotografías latinoamericanas del siglo XIX estará a la disposición Dentro del programa "Memoria del Mundo", la UNESCO y la IFLA firmaron un contrato para la producción de un CD-ROM de tres a cinco mil fotografías del siglo XIX que ilustran aspectos relevantes de la vida social y política de América Latina y el Caribe. El proyecto fue lanzado por el Centro Internacional PAC de Paris y será dirigido por el Centro Regional PAC de Caracas con la ayuda de diez bibliotecas nacionales de América Latina y el Caribe. La Universidad de Colima, en México, digitalizará las fotografías a partir de diapositivas a color; asimismo, se responsabilizará por la publicación del CD-ROM. Las fotografías seleccionadas se introducirán en Internet. El objetivo del proyecto es garantizar un mejor acceso a las colecciones de América Latina y el Caribe, al igual que crear conciencia entre las autoridades, curadores y bibliotecólogos sobre la importancia de salvaguardar las fotografías que constituyen un complemento indispensable para las colecciones tradicionales. Bibliotecas, archivos y museos, públicos y privados, en su mayoría están interesados en el proyecto y desean participar en el mismo. El CD-ROM deberá esta disponible para finales de año. 2ND JICPA Meeting in Dakar JICPA members held their 2nd meeting in Dakar on February 21-22, 1997. Raising awareness on preservation issues, the creation of National Preservation Committees and training were among the priorities. The collaboration between Archives and Libraries and between French and English speaking members has started efficiently and is constantly in progress. Concrete activities have been implemented such as a organization of a workshop on Preservation for French speaking conservators to be held in Dakar, in April 1997. Moncef Fakhfakh, the Director of the National Archives of Tunisia has invited JICPA to hold its next meeting in Tunis in May 1998. JICPA: First Preservation Workshop in Dakar Thanks to funds from BIEF (Banque Internationale d'Information des Etats Francophones), the JICPA (IFLA/ICA Joint Committee for Preservation in Africa) first workshop has been organized for 10 French-speaking archivists and librarians in April this year. Delegates received practical and general training, taking into account the specific climatic and economic needs of their regions. Training has been based on practical exercices and included advice on do's and don'ts. Antoine Tendeng from EBAD (School for librarians, archivists, information scientists in Dakar) and Bunmi Alegbeleye (from the University of Ibadan in Nigeria) were responsible for teaching (more feedback in our next issue, due August 1997). In the light of this first experience, another two workshops will be planned later on for English-speaking African professionals and Arabic-speaking professionals too. Deuxième réunion du JICPA à Dakar, 21-22 fÈvrier 1997 Les membres du JICPA (Comité Mixte IFLA/CIA sur la Conservation en Afrique) se sont réunis pour la deuxième fois à Dakar en février 1997. La sensibilisation aux problèmes de conservation, la constitution de Commissions Nationales de Conservation et la formation en ont été les thèmes majeurs. La collaboration entre archives et bibliothèques et entre anglophones et francophones se poursuit sous les meilleurs auspices et des réalisations concrètes ont pu déjà être annoncées comme la tenue, en avril 1997, toujours à Dakar, d'un atelier francophone sur la conservation. En 1998, le JICPA se réunira à Tunis à l'invitation du Directeur des Archives Nationales de Tunisie, Moncef Fakhfakh. Le JICPA organise son premier atelier sur la préservation à Dakar Avec le soutien financier de la BIEF, le JICPA (Comité mixte pour la préservation en Afrique) a organisé en avril un premier atelier à l'attention de bibliothécaires et archivistes de langue française. Les participants ont reçu une formation généraliste et pratique, prenant en compte les spécificités climatiques et économiques de la région. L'enseignement, assuré par Antoine Tendeng de l'EBAD à Dakar (Ecole des bibliothécaires, archivistes et documentalistes) et Bunmi Alegbeleye de l'Université d'Ibadan au Nigéria, s'est appuyé sur des démonstrations et comportait des conseils pratiques tout en indiquant les gestes et les produits qui sont à éviter. A la lumière de cette première expérience, deux autres ateliers seront organisés ultérieurement à l'attention des collègues anglophones et arabophones. Permanent paper at the Bibliothèque nationale de France All the publications produced by the Bibliothèque nationale de France are printed on permanent paper (ISO 9706). Paper for photocopies and clerical work is permanent too. pH survey of current Japanese monographs The National Diet Library has been conducting a pH survey of newly acquired books since 1986 by comparing the rate of acid free paper in private and official publications. Last year the survey focused on official publications and showed that acid free papers are used on average by 35,4 % (42,5 % of books and 31,6 % of periodicals). Thus the Library intends to encourage the use of acid free paper from now on. Opinion survey about PAC activities in Asia The Regional Centre in Tokyo questioned 22 national libraries in Asia about their expectations from the PAC Centre. Information on the preservation environment is requested. Training within the Diet Library or at the requesting library is also a priority. Translation into Japanese of English specialized literature is also needed. Furthermore ten libraries agreed to work as national liaison office. New function for Jan Lyall Jan Lyall, Director of the PAC Regional Centre for Oceania and south East Asia, has been appointed director of a new branch within the National Library of Australia - National Initiatives and Collaboration (NIAC). NIAC brings together the Distributed National Collection Office (DNC), National Preservation Office (NPO) and International Relations. URL address: http://www.nla.gov.au/niac/niac.html Audiovisual Management via Distance Education In August 1997, the School of Information, Library and Archive Studies at the University of New South Wales (Australia) will introduce two new subjects: the Foundations of Audiovisual Management and Preservation of Audiovisual Collections. These subjects have been developed in association with Australia's National Film and Sound Archive and will be made available to Australian and international students via distance education. The Internet will be the primary delivery mechanism for both subjects which will enable students to undertake their studies in a flexible learning environment. The subjects have been designed specifically to take into account the needs of audiovisual archivists in the Southeast Asia-Pacific region. Subject descriptions are: theoretical principles of A/V management, philosophy, terminology, concepts, legalities and ethics, history of A/V media, international organizations with responsibility for this heritage); the subject on preservation will focus on methods for identifying different moving image and sound material, measures for determining deterioration characteristics, treatment options (namely repair, cleaning, copying and environmental control), ethics, professional practice, handling and standards. The cost for each subject is $A 895. Contact: Tel. 61 2 9 385 3445. Fax 61 2 9 385 3430. E-mail H. Jarvis@unsw.edu.au. AIC Collections Care Professionals and Cultural Diversity Task Forces This task force is collecting information on the knowledge and skills that should be included in the training of collections care (technicians) staff, essential to the implementation of a preventive conservation plan in any institution. The goal is to identify in the field of conservation by recruiting minority individuals and providing mentored learning opportunities in conservation specialties where diversity is currently limited. The Task Force was able to secure a grant to fund 12 college student interns for 10 weeks last summer. The Preservation Directorate hosted two of the interns in the Conservation Division. Un restaurateur français à la Bibliothèque Nationale de Lituanie Olivier Joly, Technicien d'art à l'atelier central de la bibliothèque nationale de France s'est rendu en Lituanie en décembre dernier dans le cadre d'un séminaire organisé par Algirdas Plioplys, Directeur du centre de restauration de la Bibliothèque. La Bibliothèque Nationale de Lituanie, construite en 1961, est située au coeur de la ville. Une nouvelle construction accolée à l'actuel bâtiment va accroître la capacité des magasins et permettre d'accueillir le centre de restauration indépendant géographiquement. Actuellement, le centre utilise d'anciens locaux qui étaient occupés par l'Armée rouge. Un premier bâtiment abrite l'atelier de restauration, ainsi que des bureaux et une salle de réunion. L'atelier est composé de plusieurs pièces de dimensions réduites dans lesquelles travaillent un ou deux restaurateurs, une douzaine au total. La pièce humide se trouve dans un second bâtiment où sont installées une machine à colmater et une table aspirante d'origine danoise, conçue par Per Laursen. Leur conception simple et rationnelle les rendent faciles d'utilisation et d'entretien. Il n'existe pas d'école de reliure ou de restauration en Lituanie. Les restaurateurs viennent d'horizons différents. La restauration et la reliure sont enseignées par les plus anciens. Cette formation est complétée par des séminaires et stages à l'étranger. Le séminaire sur la conservation et la restauration des livres français du 16è au 19è siècle Ce séminaire regroupait une quinzaine de participants, la plupart des restaurateurs du centre, mais aussi des Archives nationales, des bibliothèques de l'Université de Vilnius et de l'Académie des Sciences. Une projection de diapositives a permis de présenter les constituants du livre et les dégradations qu'ils peuvent subir. Les différents adhésifs utilisés à la Bnf ont été présentés, notamment la "Klucel G", employée pour éviter l'allongement des papiers et le noircissement des cuirs ; la "Tylose" qui sert à réencoller le papier et parfois à en décoller certains. A Vilnius, il est courant de mélanger la Tylose à fibres courtes à la Tylose à fibres longues. Les fibres courtes pénètrent plus profondément dans le papier alors que les longues créent un liant de surface. En revanche, les restaurateurs lituaniens ne connaissaient pas la colle "Rémy", que l'atelier BnF utilise pour le parchemin et la restauration des cuirs. Les participants se sont révélés très intéressés par la technique du décollage avec la Laponite, également employée à la BnF. Utilisée à l'origine pour désentoiler les tableaux mal restaurés, la Laponite est un produit hygroscopique. Une poudre mélangée à l'eau (20 à 40 grammes par litre en fonction de la viscosité désirée) se transforme en un gel que l'on pose sur un papier intermédiaire pour décoller le papier. C'est un matériau bon marché et très efficace, car il ne coule pas et apporte moins d'humidité que la Tylose. Restaurer et dénaturer le moins possible Le processus de fabrication du papier marbré a été présenté et a suscité de nombreuses questions. Cette technique est assez peu connue dans le pays et intéresse particulièrement les restaurateurs lituaniens dans la mesure où ils sont confrontés à la restauration de ce type de papier qui reste difficile à se procurer sur place. Il a aussi été question de la position des deux bibliothèques vis à vis des traitements chimiques, en particulier du blanchiment, abandonné à la BnF, et des risques encourus par les documents. Enfin, des études de cas ont permis des échanges fructueux sur les options et les niveaux de restauration possibles pour chaque cas. Il a ainsi été démontré que la restauration d'un document ne consiste pas uniquement à le rendre manipulable mais aussi à le dénaturer le moins possible. Durant ces quatre jours passés à Vilnius, l'occasion a été donnée d'examiner de nombreux documents restaurés ou en cours de restauration. Ils sont la preuve d'une approche réfléchie et documentée, malgré un manque de moyens et l'absence d'écoles de formation. Ce manque de moyens peut se tranformer en avantage lors de l'acquisition de machines par exemple, car il oblige à une sélection attentive et rigoureuse. De même, l'absence d'école éveille un intérêt certain pour les techniques employées à l'étranger. Il en découle une réflexion comparative et approfondie des différentes méthodes. C'est aussi ce qui motive la participation à des stages et l'organization de séminaires. Olivier Joly Technicien d'art Atelier central de restauration Bibliothèque nationale de France Book Reviews CORÉ n°1, septembre 1996, 66 p., 80 FF. Conservation et Restauration du patrimoine culturel Revue semestrielle, coéditée par les éditions Errance et la SFIIC (Section Française de l'Institut International de Conservation) Née du besoin des professionels de la conservation-restauration de communiquer avec un large public intéressé par la conservation du patrimoine, cette revue a pour ambition de devenir la revue européenne de langue française qui manquait dans le domaine de la conservation-restauration des oeuvres d'art Ce premier numéro est très séduisant de par son esthétisme et la qualité scientifique et didactique des articles. Le cliché en première de couverture date de 1912 et représente le vieux pont de Mostar, façon comme une autre de souligner que "photographier, c'est conserver", qu'il est primordial de sauvegarder les photographies qui sont aussi les uniques témoins d'un patrimoine historique disparu : le vieux pont de Mostar a été détruit en 1993 lors de la guerre serbo-croate. On trouve donc un dossier sur la restauration des photographies anciennes, mais aussi les textes traitant de matériaux aussi divers que les murs gravés de la grotte de Soulignac ou une vasque rafraîchissoir en faïence. Les articles soulignent les aspects éthiques, historiques et scientifiques qui animent la profession de restaurateur et détaillent les interventions adoptées sur des cas précis. On s'y plaint aussi du manque de communication dans la profession, du peu de formation continue qui lui permettrait d'enrichir ses connaissances et de se sentir moins isolée. Gageons que CORÉ comblera partiellement ce vide et intéressera les spécialistes comme les amateurs. Abonnement et vente : EPONA 7, rue Jean-du-Bellay 75004 PARIS Magnetic Tape Storage and Handling - A Guide for Libraries and Archives Dr. John W.C. Van Bogart Washington and St. Paul: The Commission on Preservation and Access - National Media Laboratory, June 1995. ISBN 1-887334-40-8 34pp. $10. This introductory text on magnetic carriers gives a warning: there is no panacea to preserve magnetic tapes. Standards are difficult to elaborate as they depend on whether archival storage or access storage is adopted. Moreover, standards are provided by manufacturers and as such, are not reliable as they usually address current home usage. However the Ampex Recording Media Corporation, a US magnetic tape manufacturer has issued a Guide to the Care and Handling of Magnetic Tape which is reproduced in the appendix. Also a chart giving estimation of magnetic tape life expectancies (LEs) is included. However scientific tape life-expectancy is even more difficult to assess. Preservation in the Digital World Paul Conway Washington: The Commission on Preservation and Access, March 1996. ISBN 1-887334-49-1 24 pp. $15. The author tries to remove the misunderstanding about digital information, which is not so much a worry-free preservation system. He divides the preservation and access issues that "are separate but different related activities". The goals of preservation in the digital word are twofold: retrieve some original items from consultation and preserve digital objects. The book sets priorities for action. Criteria for traditional preservation can be applied to digital preservation: these are longevity, choice, quality, integrity, and access. Multimedia Preservation: Capturing the Rainbow Proceedings of the Second National Conference of the National Preservation Office, Brisbane, 28-30 November 1995. Canberra: National Library of Australia, 1996. ISBN 0 642 25890 2 317 pp. Jan Lyall says in the introduction that "multimedia are like rainbows - perceptible but not tangible". Thus this conference was organized to gather people involved in the documentary heritage from Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia, Singapore and Fiji who try to cope with digitization and electronic documents. Access, copyrignt and selection issues are discussed. Definitions are provided but some questions left unanswered. A "Draft Statement of Principles" was formulated and is included in the appendix. Choosing to Preserve - Towards a cooperative strategy for long-term access to the intellectual heritage Proceedings of the conference organized by the European Commission on Preservation and Access and Die Deutsche Bibliothek in Leipzig, March 1996. Nine European countries and the US present their views on preservation, their choice to make priorities and decide on most suitable methods of conservation according to their national and institutional needs. In spite of these differences, many shared problems could be addressed through concerted action. The book is free of charge from the ECPA P.O. box 19121 NL-1000 GC Amsterdam The Netherlands La conservation des documents sonores Marie-France Calas et Jean-Marc Fontaine Paris : CNRS Editions, 1996. ISBN 2-271-05318-5 ISSN 1160-0683 203 pp. La bibliographie en fin d'ouvrage, riche en références anglo-saxonnes (surtout dans le domaine technique) prouve à quel point cet ouvrage exhaustif et rédigé en français est le bienvenu. Rédigé par des spécialistes, il s'adresse aussi à des spécialistes. Le glossaire ne prend en compte que les termes propres à la nature et à la conservation de ces supports mais n'explique pas certains termes scientifiques tels que "servomécanisme" (page 169) ou stoechiométrie (page153). Les responsables de collections audio et les chercheurs et scientifiques francophones trouveront donc des informations très détaillées sur les supports mécaniques, magnétiques et optiques, leurs caractéristiques et les méthodes de conservation propres à chacun. Un aperçu historique constitue l'introduction et est enrichi d'une très belle iconographie que l'on retrouve tout au long de l'ouvrage. L'accent est mis sur la prévention et les techniques de transfert ainsi que sur la nécessité d'une coopération de plus en plus internationale. C'est pourquoi le nom des co-auteurs mérite aussi d'être signalé : Kurt Deggeler, Pierre Liénard, Gerry Gibson, Dietrich Schüller. Virginie Kremp Programme Officer PAC International Centre Food for Thought Dissertaçao de mestrado - Controle ambiental em armazéns e reservas técnicas de arquivos, bibliotecas, museus e sítios arqueológicos Por Fausto Henrique dos Santos Professor Titular do Departamento de Arqueologia/Museologia e Ciências Ambientais da Universidade Estácio de Sá-Rio de Janeiro. Iniciativas no sentido da preservação foram e vem sendo tomadas, mas não de forma sistemática e, em alguns casos, já não era mais possível deter os avanços da degradação. Faltava fundamentação científica. Não era suficiente a idéia de que se devia proteger o patrimônio contra a ação dos agentes externos, de fatores climáticos e da própria interferência do homem sem o estabelecimento de uma política nacional de preservação de acervos. Precisava-se de ações decisivas e de suportes técnicos capazes de garantir, corretamente, o desenvolvimento de um trabalho eficaz em prol dos acervos, com a aplicação de conhecimentos maiores e mais amplos. Para casos específicos de bibliotecas, arquivos, museus e sítios arqueológicos, a história nos conta que o Brasil viu por várias vezes seus acervos pedirem socorro por questões de negligência, falta de sensibilização por parte das autoridades e mesmo falta de conhecimento. É importante deixar consignada, diante das ameaças existentes por falta de uma tecnologia de proteção de acervos, a constatação de que ainda se perdem acervos apesar das facilidades de acesso aos meios de informação. Os objetivos que norteiam a dissertação de mestrado seguem duas vertentes: garantir, de forma institucional, a manutenção dos acervos em condições ambientais ideais, através da preservação, oferecendo o acesso a todos os usuários. estabelecer critérios e políticas capazes de assegurar a sobrevida dos acervos. O problema a ser formulado estará para o estabelecimento de uma maior interação Homem-Natureza, de maneira que essa interação possa garantir a salvaguarda dos acervos da forma mais natural possível. Visto que existem no Brasil cerca de 3.000 bibliotecas e 2.000 museus, a análise desses estabelecimentos será importante para contextualizar os problemas e para sugerir propostas e medidas adequadas de tratamentos, sempre considerando as questões ambientais. O paradigma proposto reside nas seguintes indagações: até que ponto poderemos sobreviver culturalmente sem a preservação dos acervos? E qual a forma ideal para resguardá-los no contexto político, econômico, cultural e social? Acredito que este trabalho virá contribuir no sentido de alertar e sensibilizar as autoridades culturais sobre os problemas de preservação. Obviamente, esta questão está ligada à nossa própria trajetória: sem passado como constituiremos o futuro? O interesse pela vida dos acervos deve ser uma preocupação cotidiana para administradores, cientistas, conservadores, vigilantes e, principalmente, para a sociedade empenhada na sobrevivência da vida com qualidade e sobretudo da Memória Nacional. MSc Dissertation - Environmental control in storage areas and reserve stocks in archives, libraries, museums and archaeologial sites By Mr. Fausto Henrique dos Santos, former Coordinator of Preservation at the National Library of Brazil (see IPN 12, page 14-15) and now teacher at the Archeology/Museology and Environmental Sciences Department at Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro. Mr. dos Santos is conducting an MSc project in environmental sciences that aims at assuring, institutionally, the maintenance of archives in ideal environmental conditions by means of preservation procedures and offering access to readers, at establishing criteria and policies that can guarantee the survival of documents. The issue will be directed towards a more intense man-nature interaction in order to preserve archives in the most natural form. In Brazil, initiatives towards preservation had and have been taken, though not in a systematic way. In some cases, it is no longer possible to refrain the advance of degradation. A scientific basis is missing. The idea that our heritage should be protected against external agents, climatic factors and man's interference without the need to establish national archives preservation policy is no longer acceptable. Considering that Brazil owns about 3.000 libraries and 2.000 museums, the analysis of these institutions will be important for contextualizing the problems and suggesting adequate proposals and measures of treatment, with stress laid on environmental issues. Fausto Henrique dos Santos Professor Titular do Departamento de Arqueologia/Museologia e Ciências Ambientais da Universidade Estácio de Sá. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Paperbase International - A database for the world's pulp and paper industry "Paperbase" is a joint venture partnership bringing together the expertise and experience of leading pulp and paper institutes: CTP (France), KCL (Finland), Pira International (UK) and STFI (Sweden). It provides an expanded coverage of the latest technical, research and business information from around the world for the pulp and paper industry. More than 260 technical and trade journals from 14 countries are scanned weekly, as well as major European, North American and Asian conference papers. Information is available in a variety of different formats: online, CD-ROM, monthy printed abstract journal or weekly bulletin service and a current awareness service. Paperbase International - Une base de données pour l'industrie papetière mondiale "Paperbase" résulte d'une coopération entre quatre instituts de recherche spécialisée, CTP (France), KCL (Finlande), Pira International (Grande-Bretagne), STFI (Suède) qui ont mis en commun leurs compétences. La base permet l'accès aux dernières informations techniques, commerciales et scientifiques de l'industrie papetière. Plus de 260 références provenant de la presse spécialisée sont numérisées chaque semaine, ainsi que les textes les plus importants délivrés lors de conférences en Europe, Amérique du Nord et Asie. L'information est disponible sous diverses formes : accès en ligne par serveurs commerciaux, CD-Rom, bulletins signalétiques, recherches bibliographiques, profils personnalisés sur demande. Centre Technique du Papier Service documentation BP 251 38044 Grenoble cedex 9, France Fax: (+33) 4 76 15 40 09 e-mail: ctpdoc@grenet.fr Scuola Europea di Formazione Specialistica per Conservatori-Restauratori di Beni Librari This is the new name of the European course for conservators and restorers that has been launched in Spoleto for five years. It is financed by the European Union and promoted by the Italian Ministry of Culture and the Region of Umbria. The School, headed by Maria Lilli di Franco, aims to improve the care and conservation of library materials within the European Union, to provide both academic and practical studies, including a comprehensive curriculum and to give students a direct access to leading specialists. One of the principal aim underlying the establishment of the school is to redress the problem of incorrect preservation techniques which has sometimes led to the loss of irreplaceable books, documents and manuscripts. The school hopes to educate preservation conscious professionals by sensitizing students to preventive conservation. Leading international conservation specialists give lectures and practical training to fifteen students selected from all the EU countries who have a secondary school diploma and a reading and speaking knowledge of Italian and English. The third class of students was accepted in the fall of 96 and will have completed their academic studies by June 98. Courses spread over two years. The third year is devoted to internship in various conservation laboratories around the world. Two of these students have been welcomed by the restoration laboratory of the Bibliothèque nationale de France last winter. Silvia Pugliese first begun her third year series of internship at the Northeast Documentation and Conservation Center located in Massachusetts (USA) and is completing training at the National Library of Scotland. Luca Richard de Bella, now intern at the Zentrum for Bucherhaltung at Die Deutsche Bücherei (Leipzig), studied the restoration of photographs at the libraries of the Musée Rodin and Musée de l'Homme in Paris. Events 29-31 May, 1997 - Florence- Italy The Conservator-restorers' Professional Activities, Status, and Responsibility for the Cultural Heritage This will be the first congress held by the European Confederation of Conservators-Restorers' Organizations. ECCO is a nonprofit-making governmental organization that has 5.000 members. It aims to develop and promote, on a practical, scientific and cultural level, the professions of conservators and restorers of cultural property. It also represents the rights of European restorers and conservators to the European Council. Through the Congress, ECCO intends to face the legal problems of the profession, namely contracts, intellectual property and authors' rights,and safety regulations. It will conclude with a debate on professional status and qualifications in Europe. Languages spoken: English, French, Greman, Italian. E.C.C.O. Nathalie Ravanel Via San Niccolo I - 50125 Florence Tel.: (39) 55 234 27 07 Fax: (39) 55 247 82 69 1-29 september 1997 - Italy The Culture of photography (Cultura della fotografia) A post graduate course will take place in Italy at the CRAF Centre (Centro de ricerca e archivazione della fotografia) in Lestans. Students will be taught how to recognize problems, evaluate and find solutions for photographic collections in libraries, galleries and museums. They will also learn techniques used in the reproduction and restoration of photographs. Courses will be given by internationally recognized experts. Participating institutions: CRAF, Fox Talbot Museum, the National Trust U.K., Centre de Restauration de la Photographie (Paris), Long Island University, CW Post, Università degli Studi di Udine, Ente Universitario del Fremano, Lette Verein (Berlin). C.R.A.F Villa Ciani 33090 Lestan (PN) Italy Tel/Fax: (39) 04 27 91 453 10-18 September 1997 - Pulheim (Germany) The Fading of Colour Photographs What are the characteristics of historic and modern photographic processes? What are the most stable processes? How should colour photographs be stored and presented, how their deterioration shoud be minimized? What are the best strategies for collecting colour photographs today? All these questions will be answered at the symposium organized by the "Fortbildungszentrum für Museen" (Pulheim), the "Kupferstich-Kabinett" (Dresden) to those involved in the preparation, archiving, conservation or preservation of photographs. Proceedings in German. Fortbildungszentrum für Museen Rheinisches Archiv- und Museumsamt Postfach 2140 D-50250 Pulheim Germany Tel.: (49) 2234 9854 301 Fax: (49) 2234 9854 202 16-18 September 1997 - Washington Preservation Management of Photograph Collections - Saving Images for the Digital Age An introduction to the care and management of photographic materials and identification of photo prints and negatives. Preservation of special media will be introduced too. CAL Education and Training MRC 534 Smithsonian Institution Washington D.C. 20 560 USA 8-11 October, 1997 - Alma Ata (Republic of Kazakhstan) The preservation and conservation of library and archive materials A conference organized by the National Library of Kazakhstan in cooperation with the most important libraries in the country and other Republics of the CEI, Iran and Turkey with support from the ministries of education and culture. More information from Zarema Shaimardanova National Library 14, av. Abaj Alma Ata 480013 Republic of Kazakhstan e-mail: Zarema@nlpub.ksisti.alma-ata.su 23-24 October, 1997 - Chalon sur Saône (France) Computer Science & Conservation of Cultural Heritage SFIIC 8th Symposium The symposium will bring together specialists from various areas of conservation: curators, art historians, scientists, restorers, architects, archaeologists, students, specialists of digital imaging and everyone interested in these issues. Museum objects, monuments, archaeologial sites and archival documents alike are dealt with. Besides general matters and ethical questions, the conference will focus on two main points: case studies: history, reports on conditions, intervention, documentation. Computer science at the disposal of conservation: digital imaging, image processing, reconstruction, restoration assistance, access. Working languages: French and English with simultaneous translations. 23-24 Octobre, 1997 - Chalon sur Saône (France) Informatique & conservation-restauration du patrimoine culturel 8èmes journées d'études de la SFIIC Cette réunion a pour vocation de rassembler des spécialistes des différents domaines de la conservation : scientifiques, conservateurs, restaurateurs, architectes, archéologues, étudiants, spécialistes du traitement de l'image ou toute personne concernée. Tous les domaines relatifs aux biens culturels seront évoqués. En sus des questions déontologiques, les interventions porteront sur: le dossier de l'oeuvre, connaissance, constat d'état, suivi des interventions, documentation. L'outil informatique au service de la conservation-restauration : image numérique, traitement de l'image, reconstitution, aide à la restauration, accès. En anglais et en français avec traductions simultanées. SFIIC Secrétariat 29, rue de Paris 77420 Champs-Sur-Marne Tel: (33) (0)1.64.11.32.21 Fax: (33) (0)1.64.68.46.87 e-mail: sffic@lrmh.fr


Latest Revision: July 9, 1997	Copyright © 1995-2000 International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions www.ifla.org