Compiled by: Carolyn Kotlas, MSLS
Institute for Academic Technology
Last revised: December 3, 1996
College and university faculty and computer center staff increasingly find themselves called upon to interpret copyright law, especially as it relates to the Internet and World Wide Web. Educators' use of software, CD-ROMs, and other formats in multimedia development and classroom presentations also raises copyright questions. This document lists several sources of information to help answer faculty and student questions, formulate campus policies, and build an information collection for dealing with a wide range of copyrighted materials.
Copyrights in the Academic Environment
Software and Copyright
Copyright and New Media Technologies
Copyright and Networked Technologies
Online Copyright Discussion and News Groups
General Guides to Copyright
U. S. Copyright Office
Copyrights in the Academic Environment
Becker, Gary H. © Copyright: A Guide to Information and Resources. Lake Mary, FL: Gary H. Becker, 1992.
Becker also has three videotapes available on copyright. To order, write: Gary H. Becker, 164 Lake Breeze Circle, Lake Mary, FL 32746-6038; or call 407-322-0890.
Bennett, Scott. "The Management of Intellectual Property." Computers in Libraries 14, no. 5 (May 1994): 18-20.
NEW
Bruwelheide, Janis H. "Copyright Issues for the Electronic Age." Syracuse, NY: ERIC Clearinghouse on Information and Technology, 1995. ERIC Digest # ED381177.
Available online: http://www.ed.gov/databases/ERIC_Digests/ed381177.html
NEW Bruwelheide, Janis H. The Copyright Primer for Librarians and Educators. 2d ed. Chicago: American Library Association, 1995.
NEW Crews, Kenneth D. "Copyright Law, Libraries, and Universities: Overview, Recent Developments, and Future Issues." 1992. Working paper presented to the Association of Research Libraries.
Available online: http://palimpsest.stanford.edu/bytopic/intprop/crews.html
UPDATED Forester, Tom, and Perry Morrison. Computer Ethics: Cautionary Tales and Ethical Dilemmas in Computing. 2d ed. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1994.
Frazier, Kenneth. "The Meaning of Fair Use." Computers in Libraries 14, no. 5 (May 1994): 21-22, 24.
UPDATED "Frequently Asked Questions About Copyright." Brochure jointly published by the National Association of College Stores, Inc. and The Association of American Publishers.
Available online: http://www.nacs.org/Info/Textbook/copyright/faq.html
Gilbert, Steven W. "Information Technology, Intellectual Property, and Education." Educom Review 25, no. 1 (Spring 1990): 14-20.
Hollander, Patricia A. Computers in Education: Legal Liabilities and Ethical Issues Concerning their Use and Misuse. Asheville, NC: College Administration Publications, Inc., 1986.
NEW Miller, Jerome K., ed. Official Fair-Use Guidelines. 4th ed. Washington, DC: Association for Educational Communications and Technology, 1989.
Saltpeter, Judy. "Are You Obeying the Law?" Technology & Learning 12, no. 8 (May/June 1992): 14-23.
Seltzer, Leon E. Exemptions and Fair Use in Copyright: The Exclusive Rights Tensions in the 1976 Copyright Act. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1978.
NEW Simpson, Carol Mann. Copyright for School Libraries: A Practical Guide. Worthington, OH: Linworth Pub., 1994.
NEW Sinofsky, Esther. A Copyright Primer for Educational and Industrial Media Producers. 2d ed. Washington, DC: Association for Educational Communications and Technology, 1994.
Presents the basics of copyright law for media; recommended for academic libraries, for faculty collections in K-12 schools, and for media centers/libraries in schools whose curricula include media production.
Stanford University Libraries. Copyright & Fair Use metalist. 1996.
Available online: http://fairuse.stanford.edu/
Talab, R. S. Copyright and Instructional Technologies: A Guide to Fair Use and Permissions Procedures. 2d ed. Washington, DC: Association for Educational Communications and Technology, 1989.
Talab, Rosemary. "Copyright Scenarios for Media Center Directors: Help with Handling Tough Questions." TechTrends 37, no. 4 (September 1992): 10-13.
Valauskas, Edward J. "Copyright: Know Your Electronic Rights!" Library Journal 117, no. 13 (August 1992): 40-43.
NEW Vlcek, Charles. Adoptable Copyright Policy: Copyright Policy and Manuals Designed for Adoption by Schools, Colleges, and Universities. Washington, DC: Association for Educational Communications and Technology, 1992.
Software and Copyright
Arms, William Y. "Intellectual Property Rights and Computer Software." A Session presented at CCMS/XII St. Louis, March 1986. Reprinted in SIGUCCS Newsletter 16 (Spring 1986): 8-16.
Finkel, Evan. "Copyright Protection for Computer Software in the Nineties." Computer & High Technology Law Journal 7 (1991): 201-289.
Finkel, LeRoy. "Software Copyright Interpretation." ERIC Digest. Syracuse, NY: ERIC Clearinghouse on Information Resources. Reprinted from The Computing Teacher 12 (March 1985).
Hagelshaw, R. Lee. The Computer User's Legal Guide. Radnor, PA: Chilton Book Company, 1985.
Harris, Thorne D. The Legal Guide to Computer Software Protection: A Practical Handbook on Copyrights, Trademarks, Publishing and Trade Secrets. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1985.
NEW Harris, Thorne D. The Software Developer's Complete Legal Companion: A Combined Disk and Practical Handbook to Protect You and Your Creative Work. Rocklin, CA: Prima Pub., 1994.
UPDATED Reed, Mary Hutchings. "Computer Software: Copyright and Licensing Considerations for Schools and Libraries." Syracuse, NY: ERIC Clearinghouse on Information and Technology, 1989. ERIC Digest # ED308856.
Available online: http://www.ed.gov/databases/ERIC_Digests/ed308856.html
UPDATED Remer, Daniel, and Robert Dunaway. Legal Care for Your Software: A Step-by-Step Guide for Computer Software Writers and Publishers. 4th ed. Terra Linda, CA: RDS Pub. Co., 1992.
Salone, M. J. How to Copyright Software: Everything You Need to Copyright All Types of Computer Programs and Output. 3rd ed. Berkeley, CA: Nolo Press, 1990.
NEW Software Publishers Association. "Copyright Protection Information for Educators."
Available online: http://www.spa.org/project/edu_copyright/cptop.htm
UPDATED
Software Publishers Association. "Is it Okay for Schools to Copy Software?" SPA Document #95SU-EA. Brochure explaining how copyright laws apply to school software use.
Copy free. See http://www.spa.org/publications/catalog/order.htm for ordering information.
UPDATED Software Publishers Association. "Software Use and the Law: A Guide for Individuals, Educational Institutions, User Groups and Corporations." 1995.
First copy free; additional copies $ .25 each. See http://www.spa.org/publications/catalog/order.htm for ordering information.
UPDATED Software Publishers Association. SPA Self-Audit Kit. Audit kit for corporations to use on a voluntary basis to examine their software use practices and determine if illegal copies are in use.
Instructions for obtaining a copy are available online: http://www.spa.org/piracy/download.htm
University of New Mexico. Maintains an online collection of software use policies from many institutions and legislation from several states.
Available online: ftp://ftp.unm.edu/ethics
UPDATED "Using Software: A Guide to the Legal and Ethical Use of Software for Members of the Academic Community." Washington, DC: Educom/ITAA, 1992.
For sample copies (ten or less), contact Educom, tel: 202-872-4200; email: pubs@educom.edu
Copyright and New Media Technologies
Barney, Doug. "You May Need a License for the Music in Your Multimedia Show." InfoWorld 14 (November 9, 1992): 28.
Besen, Stanley. New Technologies and Intellectual Property: An Economic Analysis. A RAND Note prepared for The National Science Foundation. Santa Monica, CA: The RAND Corporation, 1987.
NEW Brinson, J. Dianne, and Mark F. Radcliffe. Multimedia Law Handbook: A Practical Guide for Developers and Publishers. Menlo Park, CA: Ladera Press, 1994.
Bush, George P., and Robert H. Dreyfuss. Technology and Copyright: Sources and Materials. Rev. ed. Mt. Airy, MD: Lomond Systems, Inc., 1979.
Dickens, Julian. "Multimedia and Intellectual Property Rights." Interactive Learning International 8 (1992): 195-199.
Duggan, Mary Kay. "Copyright of Electronic Information: Issues and Questions." Online 15, no. 3 (May 1991): 20-26.
Dvorak, John C., and Paul Somerson. "Hands Off That Scanner! The Media Police Are on Your Trail." PC/Computing 6 (November 1992): 104ff.
Gasaway, Laura N. "Document Delivery: Increasing Demand and Decreasing Funding Spurs New Attention to Copyright Implications." Computers in Libraries 14, no. 5 (May 1994): 25-28, 30-32.
Gasaway, Laura N., and Sarah K. Wiant. Libraries and Copyright: A Guide to Copyright Law in the 1990s. Washington, DC: Special Libraries Association, 1994.
Gilbert, Steven W. "Multimedia and Intellectual Property Policy: What Michael Jackson, Terminator II, and Rap Music Have in Common with Academic Computing's Latest Technology." Educom Review 27, no. 3 (May/June 1992): 58-59.
Gilbert, Steven W., and Peter Lyman. "Intellectual Property in the Information Age: Issues Beyond Copyright." Change 21, no. 3 (May/June 1989): 23-28.
Greguras, Fred, Michael R. Egger, and Sandy J. Wong. "Multimedia Content and the Superhighway: Rapid Acceleration or Foot on the Brake?" Multimedia Monitor 12 (August 1994): 16-21.
Henry, Nicholas. Copyright Information Technology Public Policy. Part I: Copyright--Public Policies. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1975.
Henry, Nicholas. Copyright Information Technology Public Policy. Part II: Public Policies--Information Technology. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1976.
NEW Lyman, Peter. "Copyright and Fair Use in the Digital Age: Q&A with Peter Lyman." Educom Review 30, no. 1 (January/February 1995): 32-35.
Available online: http://educom.edu/educom.review/review.95/jan.feb/lyman
Maloney, Janice. "New Media and Art: What Happens When Equipment Vendor Meets Artist." (Sessions; Seybold Digital World '92 conference). Digital Media: A Seybold Report 2 (July 22, 1992): 28ff.
McIntosh, Stephen Ian. The Multimedia Producer's Legal Survival Guide. Santa Clara, CA: Multimedia Computing Corporation, 1990.
Includes copies of forms on either MS-DOS or Macintosh-compatible disk. Available from Monitor Information Systems, 800-323-DISC.
National Conference on Educational Fair Access and the New Media. What's Fair: A Report on the Proceedings of the National Conference on Educational Fair Access and the New Media, American University, Washington, DC, June 15-17, 1994. Bloomington, IN: TECHNOS Press of the Agency for Instructional Technology, 1994.
Nissley, Meta, and Nancy Melin Nelson, eds. CD-ROM Licensing and Copyright Issues for Libraries. Westport, CT: Meckler, 1990.
Radcliffe, Mark. "Legal Issues in New Media." In Aston, Robert, and Joyce Schwarz, eds. Multimedia: Gateway to the Next Millennium. Boston: AP Professional, 1994.
Samuelson, Pamela, Michel Denber, and Robert J. Glushko. "Developments on the Intellectual Property Front." Communications of the ACM 35 (June 1992): 33-39.
Schneier, Bruce. "Practice Safe Multimedia: Wear a Copyright." NewMedia 2 (December 1992): 32-33.
Switzer, Jamie S., and Ralph V. Switzer, Jr. "Copyright Question: Using Audiovisual Works in a Satellite-Delivered Program." T.H.E. Journal 21, no. 10 (May 1994): 76-79.
Available online: http://www.thejournal.com/past/may/45swit.html
NEW Technological Strategies for Protecting Intellectual Property in the Networked Multimedia Environment. Annapolis, MD: Interactive Multimedia Association, 1994.
Proceedings of a workshop jointly sponsored by the Coalition for Networked Information, the Interactive Multimedia Association, the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Science, Technology & Public Policy Program, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program on Digital Open High-Resolution Systems.
Available online: http://www.cni.org/docs/ima.ip-workshop/
U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment. Finding a Balance: Computer Software, Intellectual Property and the Challenge of Technological Change. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1992.
U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment. Intellectual Property Rights in an Age of Electronics and Information. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1986.
Zimmerman, Barbara. "The Trouble With Multimedia: Copyright Clearance and the Uncertain Future." AV Video 15, no. 1 (January 1993): 46ff.
Copyright and Networked Technologies
NEW Ardito, Stephanie C. "Electronic Copyright Under Siege." Online 20, no. 5 (September/October): 83-88.
NEW Cyberspace Law Institute. "Copyright Law in Cyberspace." 1996.
Available online: http://www.counsel.com/cyberspace/copyright.html
NEW Dalziel, Chris. "Copyright and You: Fair Use Guidelines for Distance Education." TechTrends 40, no. 5 (October 1995): 6-8.
NEW Gasaway, Laura. "Copyright and the World Wide Web at UNC-CH: Frequently Asked Questions." November 12, 1996.
Available online: http://www.unc.edu/courses/ssp/copyright.html
NEW Reed, Peter. "Moral Dilemma." Internet World 6, no. 9 (September 1995): 90-92.
NEW Reidelbach, Dorothy. "Web Worries." Currents 22, no. 10 (November 1996): 42.
NEW Rose, Lance. "Build a Safer Web Site: Webmasters Can Lower Their Legal Risks, Even When the Laws are Uncertain." [1996?]. Available online: http://www.netlaw.com/safer.htm
NEW "Royalties, Fair Use & Copyright in the Electronic Age." Educom Review 30, no. 6 (November/December 1995): 30-35.
NEW Savell, Larry. "The Internet and the Law." Editor & Publisher 129, no. 39 (September 28, 1996): 22-24.
NEW Smedinghoff, Thomas J., ed. Online Law: The SPA's Guide to Doing Business on the Internet. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing, 1996.
NEW Stansbury, Ray. "Copyright and Distance Learning: A Balancing Act." TechTrends 41, no. 6 (November/December 1996): 9-11.
NEW Templeton, Brad. "10 Big Myths about Copyright Explained."
Available online: http://www.templetons.com/brad/copymyths.html
Online Copyright Discussion and News Groups
CNI-COPYRIGHT
Coalition for Networked Information Copyright and Intellectual Property Forum.
Email address: cni-copyright@cni.org
Subscribe by sending email to: listproc@cni.org
Moderators:
Mary Brandt Jensen: cnicopy@charlie.usd.edu
Czeslaw Jan Grycz: cjg@stubbs.ucop.edu
CYBERSPACE-LAW
Covers basic principles of the law of copyright, free speech, libel, privacy, contract, and trademark, as they apply on the Internet. Messages are sent out every 2-3 days; this is a distribution list, rather than a discussion list.
Subscribe by sending email to: listproc-request@counsel.com
Moderators:
Jake Vogelaar: jvogelaa@counsel.com
Eugene Volokh: volokh@law.ucla.edu
Electronic newsgroups on the Internet that include copyright and computing discussions:
misc.int-property
misc.legal.computing
comp.patents
General Guides to Copyright
NEW Boorstyn, Neil. Boorstyn on Copyright. 2d ed. Deerfield, IL: Clark Boardman Callaghan, 1994.
Boorstyn, Neil. Copyright Law. San Francisco, CA: Bancroft-Whitney, 1981.
NEW Copyright and Trademark Law for the Nonspecialist. New York, NY: Practising Law Institute, 1994.
NEW Goldstein, Paul. Copyright. 2d ed. Boston: Little, Brown, 1996.
Goldstein, Paul. Copyright's Highway: From Gutenberg to the Celestial Jukebox. New York: Hill and Wang, 1994.
Johnston, Donald F. Copyright Handbook. 2d ed. New York: R.R. Bowker, 1982.
Kintner, Earl W., and Jack Lahr. An Intellectual Property Law Primer. 2d ed. New York: Clark Boardman Company, Ltd., 1982.
Library of Congress. General Guide to the Copyright Act of 1976. Washington, DC: United States Copyright Office, Library of Congress, 1977.
Miller, Arthur Raphael, and Michael H. Davis. Intellectual Property: Patents, Trademarks, and Copyright in a Nutshell. 2d ed. St. Paul, MN: West Pub. Co., 1990.
Nasri, William Z. Crisis in Copyright. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1976.
NEW O'Mahoney, P.J. Benedict. "The Copyright Website." 1995.
Available online: http://www.benedict.com/
Patterson, L. Ray, and Stanley W. Lindberg. The Nature of Copyright; a Law of User's Rights. Athens, GA: Univ. of Georgia Press, 1991.
U.S. Code. Copyright Act of the United States.
Available online: http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17/
U. S. Copyright Office
U.S. Copyright Office. "Copyright Basics." Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 1992.
Available online: http://lcweb.loc.gov/copyright/circs/circ01.html
U.S. Copyright Office contact information
The Copyright Office encourages authors to photocopy their forms.