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In chemistry, a substance capable of forming hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. Acids can damage cellulose in paper, board and cloth by catalysing hydrolysis.
Papers that have a pH of 7 (neutral) or higher (alkaline) at the time of production but not necessarily an alkaline buffer or reserve.
In chemistry, a substance capable of forming hydroxyl ions when dissolved in water. Alkaline compounds may be added to materials to neutralise acids or as an alkaline buffer for the purpose of counteracting acids which may form in the future.
Retention of molecules (gas, vapour) at the surface of a solid.
Organic acid derived from ammonia ; part of the constituent of protein.
American Standard Code for Information Interchange. A seven-bit standard code used to facilitate the interchange of data among various types of data processing and data communication equipment.
A process for verifying the correctness of a piece of data.
The support for a carrier. Examples include the clear film that holds a film or magnetic tape emulsion, the aluminium plate that is coated with lacquer to make an instantaneous disc.
A set of formalised data elements describing a publication.
A discrete bibliographic description stored either manually or electronically.
The physical package (i.e., the disc, film, paper, etc) in or on which information is fixed or recorded. Examples include : a magnetic tape ; a telephone cable ; a sheet of paper.
Compact Disc Read Only Memory.
Chemically a complex carbohydrate. The main constituent of many fibrous plant products such as paper, board, textiles and some synthetic materials.
Ester of acetic acid. Material used for films and plastic sheets.
Ester of nitric acid. Material used for films and plastic sheets. Very flammable and explosive substance.
Cataloguing-In-Publication records, created using information supplied pre-publication by the publisher.
Proteineous substance, main substance of animal conjunctive tissue.
Phenomenon which occurs above the saturation point of water vapour. Water is then present in a liquid state.
The quality of protection against unauthorised accessed to private or secret information.
Active intervention by specialists to inhibit further deterioration of an object and stabilise it in its present condition. As a part of conservation, preventive conservation aims to prevent deterioration by acting directly on the environment of the collection.
A change in data such that the data content received is not what was originally sent.
A computer Program for entering, storing and retrieving items of information in a structured fashion.
Transfer of data between a sender and a recipient.
In chemistry the degree of polymerisation indicates the number of monomers in a polymer.
A system in operation in many countries, usually legally enforced, whereby publishers must deposit one or more copies of every publication within nominated libraries. Often referred to as Legal Deposit.
Opposite of adsorption.
Alteration of the physical and chemical integrity of a material under the influence of internal or external factors or a combination of both. Synonym for alteration or degradation.
A method of obtaining access to the services provided by a computer by establishing a connection through the telephone system.
1) The combination of a medium and the information recorded on or in it which may be used as evidence or for consultation. 2) A single record or item. Examples include : a sheet of paper with writing ; an e-mail message ; a film with images ; a magnetic tape with a sound recording.
Document Type Definition.
A metadata format being discussed internationally to define a minimal information resource description for use in a WWW environment. The term "Dublin" is used as Dublin, Ohio is the location of OCLC's headquarters.
Electronic Data Interchange. The exchange of structured data messages to enable automated transactions between application systems.
EDI For Administrations, Commerce and Transport. The international EDI standard messaging syntax under the responsibility of the UN, for trading transactions in all industries. Also known as UN-EDIFACT.
See electronic journal.
Similar to a traditional journal but published only in electronic form - on a CD-ROM or the World Wide Web.
A means for an originator of information to distribute information to an unlimited number of recipients via a value added network service which mimics the functions of the paper postal services.
See publisher.
Document, file, journal, etc. made available in electronic form.
See electronic mail.
Similar to a traditional serial but published only in electronic form - on a CD-ROM or the World Wide Web.
A means of providing access to files on a remote IT system without requiring detailed knowledge of the structure and characteristics of the remote system.
A type of computer storage medium, capable of storing up to 2 MB of data. Most commonly available in 3.5 inch size.
1) The size of a given document (i.e., a sheet of paper, etc.). 2) In its widest sense, a particular physical presentation of an item. Examples include : a standard layout of memorandum in an office ; the arrangement of data in a computer application ; the general pattern of a television recording (VHS, BetaCam etc) ; the aspect ratio of a moving image production. 3) In the context of bibliographic control, the formalised structure in which the specific elements of bibliographic description are accommodated.
A kind of mould which causes rust-coloured spots on paper.
A data service similar to X.25, but providing higher speeds and LAN interconnection.
File transfer, Access and Manipulation. An alternative file transfer protocol to FTP.
File Transfer Protocol, an Internet standard means of transferring electronic files between computers.
Chemically a carbohydrate similar to cellulose, with a lower degree of polymerisation.
Transmission options which operate at a higher level than low level technical options, e.g. EDIFACT, Warwick Framework, PICS, RDM, Web Crawler, Search and Retrieve. The high level technical options use one of the low level technical options as the underlying transmission medium.
A World Wide Web page set up as an introductory page by an organisation or individual.
Hypertext Mark-up Language. The standard language used for creating Web documents.
HyperText Transfer Protocol. The protocol used for communication between Web clients and servers.
The decomposition of organic compounds by interaction with water. The degradation weakens or breaks molecular bonds, thereby leading to embrittlement and discoloration.
A substance which retains water.
Internet Anonymous FTP Archive.
Inter-Library Loan.
A secondary service providing access to primary sources through the use of keywords appearing in metadata and/or full text.
Recorded data. Examples include : writing on a sheet of paper ; the dyes on a photographic still ; the sound in the groove of a vinyl record; etc., the binary digits forming an e-mail message.
The preservation of programs and data for their intended purpose.
The world wide network of computer systems connected to each other.
An organisation or person who publishes documents on the Internet. These will be on-line documents.
International Standard Bibliographic Description. There are seven specific ISBDs as well as the general ISBD -(G) : monographs -(M), serial publications -(S), cartographic material -(CM), non-book material -(NBM), printed music -(PM), antiquarian publications -(A), computer files -(CF).
Integrated Services Digital Network. A data service which can transmit both voice and data over a single line.
International Standard Serial Number.
Information technology.
A PICS label, generated by a labelling service, contains a rating of Internet material. Labelling service within the PICS environment, a labelling service generates ratings of Internet material. These ratings are contained in PICS labels.
A component of the cell walls of woody plants, along with cellulose. Lignin is largely responsible for the strength and rigidity of plants, but its presence in paper and board is believed to contribute to chemical degradation.
Part of the spectrum of electromagnetic waves which is visible to the human eye.
Generalised IT techniques for the transmission of data, e.g. e-mail, file transfer, opto-magnetic media and World Wide Web.
MAchine Readable Cataloguing. A family of formats based on ISO 2709 for the exchange of bibliographic and other related information in machine readable form. For example, USMARC and UNIMARC.
A material or base on which information is stored or transmitted. It may be a physical medium such as a gramophone record or a piece of paper, or be virtual (for example, a radio carrier signal).
Information about a publication as opposed to the content of the publication ; includes not only bibliographic description but also other relevant information such as its topic, price, conditions of use, etc.
Climatic conditions specific to a very limited zone.
Multimedia mail enhancements to the Internet mail standard.
A publication either complete in one part or complete, or intended to be completed, in a finite number of separate parts. A non-serial publication.
The spores of fungi that become mould or mildew are always present in the air and on objects. They only await proper conditions of moisture and temperature to germinate, grow and reproduce. Mould causes staining and weakening of most library material.
A publication in which images, sound and text are integrated.
A listing of all national publications. May include all publications produced in that country, or in the language of that country, or sometimes about that country.
All of the numbers, letters and symbols associated with a given language.
A security service which prevents the receiver of a message from denying that the message had been received.
See On-line resource.
An electronic document which is bibliographically identifiable, is stored in machine readable form on an electronic storage medium and is available on-line. For example a Web page.
An electronic document which is bibliographically identifiable, is stored in machine readable form on an electronic storage medium. For example, a CD-ROM.
Various media used for the physical exchange of electronic information between IT systems, using postal or courier services.
Traditionally defined as a chemical reaction in which oxygen combines with another element to form an oxide. Today it is defined as a chemical reaction in which one or more free electron are released. Oxidation may be caused by impurities present within or adjacent to the material or by atmospheric pollutants.
A high level technical option which structures the data according to content.
Paper manufactured to high standards for long-term survival good condition under reasonable storage conditions. It must have good resistance to internal and external chemical reactions, good mechanical strength and be composed of only virgin, or un-recycled fibres containing no lignin. Refers to the ISO standard ISO 9706 : 1994 – Requirements for permanence.
In chemistry, pH is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution, indicating acidity or alkalinity (pH > 7 is alkaline, pH < 7 is acid, pH = 7 is neutral).
Damage or change caused or increased by exposure to light.
Platform for Internet Content Selection, an infrastructure for associating labels with Internet content.
Any method of producing an image by using the action of light to change a chemical compound.
A human-readable file of data. The data may be structured in some pre-defined format.
The common name for the plastic polyethylene terephtalate. Used in sheets or film form to make folders, encapsulations and adhesive tapes. Trade names include Mylar, Melinex and Terphane. Only some of these polyester materials are suitable for conservation.
A material built up from a serie of smaller units (monomers).
A polymer which is not suitable for conservation. It can damage documents by emitting acidic components and plasticisers.
Includes all the managerial and financial considerations, including storage and accommodation provisions, staffing levels, policies, techniques and methods involved in preserving library and archival material and the information they contain.
An image on an opaque support. The image may be a photographic still or produced from an engraved plate or similar master.
Data networks owned by an organisation. The lines are rented from carriers but switching equipment belongs to the organisation.
Postscript, a standard format for exchange of printable files.
Documents containing either text or sound or images, or a combination of these, packaged for wider distribution, whether off-line (e.g. printed book, CD-ROM) or on-line (e.g. Web, database for information retrieval).
When applied to a transfer of metadata between a Publisher and an NBA, the pull model describes the scenario whereby the NBA initiates the transfer by requesting or "pulling" data to the NBA.
When applied to a transfer of metadata between a Publisher and an NBA, the push model describes the scenario whereby the Publisher initiates the transfer by providing or "pushing" data to the NBA.
Studies published by the Records and Archives Management Programme of the General Information Programme of UNESCO.
Resource Description. Consists of a URL and a number of value-attribute pairs.
Resource Description Messages. A technique for encoding and transmitting metadata relating to an Internet resource accessible via a URL.
Generates Resource Descriptions (RD) based on the content of Internet material.
Stores a collection of RDMs, to be accessed across the WWW.
A security service which guarantees that the recipient of a message is the person to whom the message was addressed.
See bibliographic record.
The generation of bibliographic records by, for example, a bibliographic agency.
The transmission of previously generated bibliographic records.
Relationship, expressed as a percentage, between the quantity of water vapour contained by a given volume of air at given temperature and atmospheric pressure and the maximum quantity of water which this same volume can contain at the same temperature.
The process of restoring an object to a condition as close as possible to that when it was first made.
Request For Comments, a method by which standards are proposed and agreed upon, usually with reference to the Internet.
A resin which is used for the sizing of paper.
An Internet service to search for electronic resources by means of keywords.
A security service which guarantees to a recipient of data that the sender of the data is who he claims to be.
A publication in any medium issued in successive parts bearing numeric or chronological designations and intended to be continued indefinitely. Serials include periodicals ; newspapers ; annuals (reports, yearbooks, etc.) ; the journals, memoirs, proceedings, transactions, etc. of societies ; and numbered monographic series.
A database of the contents of journals, issue by issue.
Standard Generalised Mark-up Language. ISO standard for document description, separating contents and structure.
Simple Message Transfer Protocol. Internet e-mail standard.
A substance which is added to some plastics to soften them. Can deteriorate documents in contact with the plastic by migrating to the surface.
Search and Retrieve.
Simplified SGML for Serials Headers.
1) A set of guidelines, usually drafted by experts in a particular field of technology, that are issued for general use by national and international standards organisations. 2) The format used to distribute a television signal. Examples include NTSC, PAL, SECAM.
An Internet service listing (usually) on-line resources for a particular subject area. The resources included have been reviewed by subject specialists before inclusion.
A supplier of journals to libraries and other information agencies.
Strong mineral acid which deteriorates cellulose by hydrolysis.
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. The Internet transport-level protocols, often used to refer to the entire collection of Internet protocols.
An agency providing bibliographic information to, and based on input from, the book trade.
A positive image on a transparent support.
See Low level technical option.
Uniform Resource Locator. The standard way to give the address of a source
of information on the WWW. It contains four different parts : the protocol
type, the machine name, the directory path and the file name. For example :
Value added network services.
A system which crawls the WWW, generating all-encompassing Web indexes.
See Web crawler.
Used to refer to a single location on the World Wide Web, usually on the same piece of hardware. Part of the Internet that stores and gives access to documents using HTTP.
The global set of Internet Web sites offering world wide access to information using HTTP.
See World Wide Web.
A data service using packet switching techniques. The X.25 standard is internationally recognised.
Electronic mail standard developed by the public service providers and the IT industry. An alternative to SMTP.
A network protocol which allows searching of (usually remote) heterogeneous databases and retrieval of data, most often used for retrieving bibliographic records.
Audio Engineering Society
American National Standards Institute
British Standards Institute
Commission on Preservation and Access (US based Commission - see also ECPA)
European Commission on Preservation and Access (see also CPA)
Fédération Internationale des Archives du Film
Fédération International des Archives de Télévision
International Council on Archives
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
International Association of Sound and Audiovisual Archives
Internet Engineering Taskforce
International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions
National Bibliographic Agency
Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
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