GUIDELINES FOR THE USE OF FIELD 856 Prepared by the Network Development and MARC Standards Office, Library of Congress March 1995 Field 856 in the USMARC bibliographic and holdings formats is used for Electronic Location and Access and contains information needed to locate an electronic resource. It contains enough information to both locate the item and retrieve it or connect to a service. In addition, it has been used for linking to an electronic finding aid. The field may be used in a bibliographic record for an item when that item or a subset of that item is available electronically. In the latter case, the portion of the item for which location and access information is given in the field is indicated in subfield $3 (Materials specified). Required subfields. No single subfield is required in all cases. Which ones are used largely depends on the access method indicated in the first indicator or in $2 (if first indicator=7). In several of the situations below for which specific subfields are given, subfield $u (Uniform Resource Locator) may be used instead of a group of specific subfields. If 1st indicator = 0 (email), the following subfields are used: $a Host name $f Electronic name May also use: $b, $h, $i, $m, $n, $s, $x, $z Unlikely to use: $c, $d, $k, $l, $o, $p, $t, $2 Those not listed can theoretically be used but no examples have been identified. This is equivalent to URL mailto: scheme. If 1st indicator = 1 (ftp), the following subfields are used: $a Host name (or can use unique elements in $d and/or $f below and omit $a) $d Path $f Electronic name May also use: $b, $c, $g, $i, $k, $l, $m, $n, $o, $p, $q, $s, $x, $3 Unlikely to use: $h, $t, $2 Those not listed can theoretically be used but no examples have been identified. This is equivalent to URL ftp: scheme. If 1st indicator = 2 (Remote login), the following subfield is used: $a Host name May also use: $b, $k, $l, $m, $n, $o, $p, $t, $x, $z, $3 Unlikely to use: $c, $d, $f, $g, $q, $s, $2 Those not listed can theoretically be used but no examples have been identified. This is equivalent to URL telnet: scheme. If 1st indicator = 7 (Method specified in subfield $2): $u Uniform Resource Locator $2 Access method Any subfields may be used depending on the access method. This approach may be used for a variety of circumstances. The following access methods that do not have a specific indicator value may be indicated in subfield $2: http Hypertext Transfer Protocol gopher Gopher protocol news USENET news nntp USENET news using NNTP access wais Wide Area Information Servers file Host-specific file names prospero Prospero Directory Service For those access methods that do have an indicator value (ftp, telnet, electronic mail), the URL can still be recorded in $u with the correct indicator value recorded. Uniform Resource Locator. For any of the above, a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) can be used in subfield $u instead of parsing the data into separate subfields. A URL may also be used in addition to the separate subfields, if it is desirable to display data in a particular way; it is unlikely that LC will do this. If a URL is used instead of separate subfields, it is unlikely that other subfields will be used except in some circumstances $n (Name of location of host) and/or $3 (Materials specified; indicates a subset of the bibliographic item that is available electronically). At LC, all subfields defined as of Febrary 1994 have been validated across formats. Field 856 has been used at LC as follows: World Wide Web linkage: Bibliographic records are being linked to electronic files accessible through LC's WWW server. Some of these are items that have a table of contents outside of the bibliographic record available electronically. Others may be computer file records for items available electronically (through WWW). It is expected that this use will be extended to other electronic resources that need to be linked to MARC records. These typically include the following subfields: $u, $n, $3 Prints and Photographs Division/American Memory records: Records for items that have been digitized (or otherwise made available electronically) as part of American Memory projects may contain field 856 (data previously used in local field 938). First indicator has been set to 7 with subfield $2 "file" as access method. These typically include the following subfields: $d, $f, $3; sometimes $g, $n Subfield $a (Host name) is not used, because the system uses the unique information in $d and $f to provide access through a locator table on a remote host. The following changes were approved by the USMARC Advisory Group at its American Library Association meetings in February 1995 and June 1994. They will be incorporated into Update No. 1 to the USMARC Format for Bibliographic Data in the near future. 1st indicator value 3 Dial-up $j Bits per second (BPS) $r Settings $v Hours access method is available $w Record control number Attachment A is an updated version of field 856 including June 1994 and February 1995 changes. Attachment B shows LC examples. ------------------------------------------------------------------ ATTACHMENT A 856 ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS (R) Indicators First Access method 0 Email 1 FTP 2 Remote login (Telnet) 3 Dial-up 7 Method specified in subfield $2 Second Undefined # Undefined Subfield Codes $a Host name (R) $b Access number (R) $c Compression information (R) $d Path (R) $f Electronic name (R) $g Electronic name--End of range (R) $h Processor of request (NR) $i Instruction (R) $j BPS (NR) $k Password (NR) $l Logon/login (NR) $m Contact for access assistance (R) $n Name of location of host in subfield a (NR) $o Operating system (NR) $p Port (NR) $q File transfer mode (NR) $r Settings (NR) $s File size (R) $t Terminal emulation (R) $u Uniform Resource Locator (R) $v Hours access method available (R) $w Record control number (R) $x Nonpublic note (R) $z Public note (R) $2 Access method (NR) $3 Materials specified (NR) FIELD DEFINITION AND SCOPE This field contains the information required to locate an electronic item. The information identifies the electronic location containing the item or from which it is available. It also contains information to retrieve the item by the access method identified in the first indicator position. The information contained in this field is sufficient to allow for the electronic transfer of a file, subscription to an electronic journal, or logon to a library catalog. In some cases, only unique data elements are recorded which allow the user to access a locator table on a remote host containing the remaining information needed to access the item. Field 856 is repeated when the location data elements vary (subfields $a, $b, $d) and when more than one access method may be used. It is also repeated whenever the electronic filename varies (subfield $f), except for the situation when a single intellectual item is divided into different parts for online storage or retrieval. (This field is identical to field 856 (Electronic Location and Access) defined in the USMARC Format for Bibliographic Data.) GUIDELINES FOR APPLYING CONTENT DESIGNATORS INDICATORS First Indicator - Access method The first indicator position contains a value that defines how the rest of the data in the field will be used. If the resource is available by more than one method, the field is repeated with data appropriate to each method. The methods defined are the main TCP/IP protocols. The value in the first indicator position determines which subfields are appropriate for use. For example, when first indicator value 1 (FTP) is used, subfields $d (Path), $f (Electronic name), $c (Compression information), and $s (File size) are appropriate, whereas they would not be with first indicator value 2 (Remote login (Telnet)). 0 - Email Value 0 indicates that access to the electronic resource is through email. This access includes subscribing to an electronic journal or electronic forum through software intended to be used by an email system. 1 - FTP Value 1 indicates that the access to the electronic resource is through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). Additional information in subfields of the record may enable the user to transfer the resource electronically. 2 - Remote login (Telnet) Value 2 indicates that access to the electronic resource is through remote login (Telnet). Additional information in subfields of the record may enable the user to connect to the resource electronically. 3 - Dial-up Value 3 indicates that access to the electronic resource is through dial-up by use of a telephone line. Additional information in subfields of the record may enable the user to connect to the resource. 7 - Method specified in subfield $2 Value 7 indicates that access to the electronic resource is through a method other than the defined values and for which an identifying code is given in subfield $2 (Source of access). Second Indicator - Undefined The second indicator position is undefined and contains a blank (#). SUBFIELD CODES $a - Host name Subfield $a contains the fully qualified domain (host name) of the electronic location. It contains a network address which is repeated if there is more than one address for the same host. 856 1#$aharvada.harvard.edu$aharvarda.bitnet $b - Access number Subfield $b contains the access number associated with a host. It can contain the Internet protocol (IP) numeric address if an Internet resource, or a telephone number if access is through a telephone line. This data may change frequently and may be generated by the system, rather than statically stored. The subfield may be repeated if all the other information in the field applies. A phone number is recorded as follows: [country code]-[area code]-[phone number]. If an extension is applicable, include after phone number preceded by "x". Example: 61-49-215833 (in New South Wales, Australia); 1-202-7076237 (in U.S., Washington, D.C.); 1-703-3589800x515 (phone number with extension). 856 2#$aanthrax.micro.umn.edu$b128.101.95.23 856 3#$b1-202-7072316$j2400/9600$nLibrary of Congress, Washington, DC$oUNIX$rE-7-1$tvt100 $zRequires logon and password $c - Compression information Subfield $c contains information about the compression of a file. If a specific program is required to decompress the file, it is noted here. The filename in subfield $f may indicate the type of compression by its extension (portion after "." or first space). The subfield may be repeated if two compression programs are used, noting the latest compression first. 856 1#$amaine.maine.edu$cMust be decompressed with PKUNZIP$fresource.zip $d - Path Subfield $d contains the path with directory names where the file is stored. The filename itself is recorded in subfield $f. This may be a surrogate path leading the user to the host where complete and current access information is stored in a locator table. 856 1#$awuarchive.wustl.edu$d/aii/admin/CAT.games$fmac-qub ic.22.hqx $f - Electronic name Subfield $f contains the electronic name as it exists in the directory indicated in subfield $d, on the host machine in subfield $a. It may be repeated if a single logical file has been divided into parts and stored under different names, but that together constitute a single intellectual item. In all other cases, a file that may be retrieved under different filenames contains two 856 fields in the record, each with a different subfield $f. A filename may include wildcard characters (*) if applicable (with a subfield $z note explaining how fields are named). A filename may be case sensitive for some systems. 856 1#$awuarchive.wustl.edu$dmirrors/info-mac/util$fcolor- system-icons.hqx 856 0#$akentvm.bitnet$facadlist file1$facadlist file2$facadlist file3 This subfield also contains the name of the electronic publication or conference. 856 0#$auicvm.bitnet$fAN2 $g - Electronic name--End of range Subfield $g contains the name of the last physical file in a sequence when the resource is contained in more than one physical file. This subfield is generally used when the repetition of subfield $f is not possible. 856 1#$asunx.loc.gov$dLCPP04A$f4A49751$g4A49755 $h - Processor of request Subfield $h contains the username, or processor of the request; generally the data which precedes the @ in the electronic mail address. 856 0#$auicvm.bitnet$fAN2$hListserv $i - Instruction Subfield $i contains an instruction or command needed for the remote host to process a request. 856 0#$auccvma.bitnet$fIR-L$hListserv$isubscribe $j - Bits per second Subfield $j contains the lowest and highest bits per second used for transmission of data. Syntax of data should be: -. If only lowest given: -; If only highest given: -. 856 0#$b1-202-7072316$j2400-9600$nLibrary of Congress, Washington, DC$oUNIX$rE-7-1 $k - Password Subfield $k contains the password required to access the resource. An FTP site may require the user to enter an Internet address or may require a specific password, or a library catalog may require a password. If a password is required but anything may be used, this subfield need not be used. This subfield is used for general use passwords, not for any requiring security. Textual instructions about passwords are contained in subfield $z (Public note). 856 1#$aharvarda.harvard.edu$kguest $l - Logon/login Subfield $l contains characters needed to logon to a library catalog or FTP site. Often with anonymous file transfer the logon is "anonymous." An account number required for login may also be indicated. This subfield should be used for general use logins, not for any requiring security. 856 1#$aunmvm.bitnet$lanonymous $m - Contact for access assistance Subfield $m contains the contact for access assistance to the resource at the host specified in subfield $a. 856 2#$agopac.berkeley.edu$mRoy Tennant $n - Name of location of host in subfield $a Subfield $n contains the full name of the location of the host in subfield $a, including its geographical location. 856 2#$apucc.princeton.edu$nPrinceton University, Princeton, N.J. $o - Operating system For informational purposes, operating system for the host name specified in subfield $a is indicated here. Conventions for path and filenames may be dependent on the operating system. For the operating system of the resource itself (i.e., the title recorded in field 245), rather than the operating system of the host making it available, field 753 (Technical Details Access to Computer Files), subfield $c (Operating system) in the USMARC Format for Bibliographic Data is used in the related bibliographic record. 856 1#$aseq1.loc.gov$d/pub/soviet.archive$fk1famine.bkg$nL ibrary of Congress, Washington, D.C.$oUNIX $p - Port Subfield $p contains the portion of the address that identifies a process or service in the host. 856 2#$amadlab.sprl.umich.edu$nUniversity of Michigan Weather Underground$p3000 $q - File transfer mode Subfield $q contains the file transfer mode, which determines how the file is transferred through the network. A normal ASCII file contains certain characters which are translated between systems to make the text files more readable. A file with non-ASCII characters must be transferred using another file transfer mode. 856 1#$aarchive.cis.ohio-state.edu$dpub/comp.sourc es.Unix/volume 10$fcomobj.lisp.10.Z$qbinary $r - Settings Subfield $r contains the settings used for transfer of data. Included are: Number Data Bits (number of bits per character); Number Stop Bits (number of bits to signal the end of a byte); and Parity (parity checking technique used). Syntax of data is: --. If only Parity given: . If only one of the other two given, leave data blank but include hyphens, e.g., ---Number DataBits>- 856 3#$b1-202-7072316$j2400-9600$nLibrary of Congress, Washington, DC$oUNIX$rE-7-1$tvt100 $zRequires logon and password Values for parity are: O (Odd), E (Even), N (None), S (Space, M (Mark) $s - File size Subfield $s contains the size of the file as stored under the filename indicated in subfield $f. It is generally expressed in terms of bytes. It may be repeated in cases where the filename is repeated and is recorded directly following the subfield $f to which it applies. This information would not be given for an electronic journal, since the field relates to the entire title, not to particular issues. 856 1#$awuarchive.wustl.edu$dmirrors/info-mac/util$fcolor- system-icons.hqx$s16874 bytes 856 0#$akeptvm.bitnet$facadlist file1$s34,989 bytes$facadlist file2$s32,876 bytes$facadlist file3 $s23987 bytes $t - Terminal emulation Subfield $t contains the terminal emulation supported when necessary to specify for remote login (first indicator contains value 2 (Remote login (Telnet)). 856 2#$amaine.maine.edu$nUniversity of Maine$t3270 $u - Uniform Resource Locator Subfield $u contains the Uniform Resource Locator (URL), which provides standard syntax for locating an object using existing Internet protocols. Field 856 is structured to create a URL from separate subfields. Subfield $u may be used instead of those separate subfields or in addition to them. It might be desirable to include subfield $u and the other subfields if a user display is desired as well as a URL. The field is repeated if more than one URL needs to be recorded. 856 1#$uftp://path.net/pub/docs/urn2urc.ps 856 7#$3b&w film copy neg.$dLCPP003B $f3B44639 $2file 856 7$uhttp://lcweb.loc.gov/catdir/semdigdocs/seminar.html $2http $v - Hours access method available Subfield $v contains the hours that access to the resource at the electronic location indicated in this field is available. If the record is for a system or service the hours it is available are recorded in field 307 (Hours, etc.). This subfield is only for the hours at the specific location indicated in field 856. 856 2#$apac.carl.org$b192.54.81.128$mCARL Situation Room$mhelp@CARL.org$nCARL Systems Inc., Denver, CO$v24 hours 856 3#$alocis.loc.gov$b140.147.254.3 $mlconline@loc.gov$t3270$tline mode (e.g., vt100)$vM-F 6:00 a.m.-21:30 p.m. USA EST, Sat. 8:30-17:00 USA EST, Sun. 13:00-17:00 USA EST $w - Record control number Subfield $w contains the system control number of the related record preceded by the USMARC code, enclosed in parentheses, for the agency to which the control number applies. The data in the subfield links field 856 to the USMARC record having the same data in a control number field. (The source of the code is Symbols of American Libraries that is maintained by the Library of Congress.) $x - Nonpublic note Subfield $x contains a note relating to the electronic location of the source identified in the field. The note is written in a form that is not adequate for public display or contains processing information about the file at the location specified. 856 1#$awuarchive.wustl.edu$cdecompress with PKUNZIP.exe $d/mirrors2/win3/games$fatmoids.zip$xcannot verify because of transfer difficulty $z - Public note Subfield $z contains a note relating to the electronic location of the source identified in the field. The note is written in a form that is adequate for public display. $2 - Access method Subfield $2 contains the access method when the first indicator position contains value 7 (Method specified in subfield $2). This subfield may include access methods other than the three main TCP/IP protocols specified in the first indicator. The data in this subfield corresponds with the access schemes specified RFC 1738 (Uniform Resource Locators (URL)), a product of the Uniform Resource Identifiers Working Group of the IETF. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) maintains a registry of URL schemes and defines the syntax and use of new schemes; the Library of Congress will include an authoritative list based on that standard in the _USMARC Code List for Relators, Sources, Description Conventions_. $3 - Materials specified Subfield $3 contains information that specifies the part of the bibliographic item to which the field applies. 856 0#$3Finding aid to the Edgar F. Kaiser papers$agopher.berkeley.edu$b128.224.55$kguest $lanonymous$mReference Services, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, tel. 510-642-6481 $nThe Library, University of California, Berkeley$oUNIX$p70 $qbinary$s2,394,394,444$xThe finding aid to the Kaiser papers is currently under revision.$zFor further information about shipbuilding files, contact The Bancroft Library Reference INPUT CONVENTIONS Embedded Holdings Information When holdings information is embedded in a USMARC bibliographic record, no additional 856 field is input. Multiple 856 fields may be used only when the information does not include other holdings information fields that must be linked to a specific 856 field for intelligibility. However, subfield $3 may be used to specify a subset of the item to which the 856 information is applicable. RELATED USMARC FIELD OR DOCUMENT Symbols of American Libraries USMARC Format for Bibliographic Data: 753 Technical Details Access to Computer Files USMARC Format for Bibliographic Data: 856 Electronic Location and Access Uniform Resource Locators (URL) ------------------------------------------------------------------ ATTACHMENT B: Examples * System supplied element # Blank $ Subfield code delimiter Record #1: 856 link to a subset of the bibliographic item; HTTP URL Leader *****nam##*******#a 001 $a93-3471$cr95 005 $a19950215082838.3 008 950215s1994####enk######b#####||||#eng# 040 $aDLC $cDLC $dDLC 050 00$aHA29$b.A5828 1993 082 00$a300/.1/5195 $220 245 00 $aAnalyzing qualitative data /$cedited by Alan Bryman and Robert G. Burgess. 260 $aLondon ;$aNew York :$bRoutledge,$c1994. 300 $axii, 232 p. :$bill. ;$c24 cm. 504 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 020 $a0415060621 020 $a041506063X (pbk.) 650 #0$aSocial sciences $xStatistical methods. 650 #0$aSocial sciences $xResearch $xMethodology. 700 10$aBryman, Alan. 700 10$aBurgess, Robert G. 856 7$3Table of contents $uhttp://lcweb.loc.gov/catdir/toc/93-3471.html $2http ------------------------------------------------------------------- Record #2: 856 link to item itself; HTTP URL Leader *****nmm##*******#a 001 $a94-790547 005 $a19950106130304.3 008 950106s1994####dcun#######m########eng## 040 $aDLC $cDLC $dDLC 050 00$aZ695.615 082 10$a025.3 $212 111 2$aSeminar on Cataloging Digital Documents $d(1994 : $cUniversity of Virginia Library and Library of Congress) 245 10$aProceedings of the Seminar on Cataloging Digital Documents, October 12-14, 1994 $h{computer file} /$cUniversity of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, and the Library of Congress. 256 $aComputer data and program. 260 $a{Washington, D.C. :$bLibrary of Congress,$c1994}. 538 $aAccess: Internet. Address: http://lcweb.loc.gov/catdir/semdigdocs/seminar.html. 500 $aTitle from title screen. 500 $a"Sponsor: Sarah Thomas, director for cataloging, Library of Congress"--Home page. 520 #$aText, graphics, and audio files, including a summary of the seminar by Sarah Thomas, color photographs of the presenters and various events, texts of the presentations, notes taken by Library of Congress staff, records of the panel discussion, an action plan, and a list of participants. 650 #0$aCataloging of computer files $xCongresses $xDatabases. 700 1# $aThomas, Sarah. 710 2#$aUniversity of Virginia. $bLibrary. 710 2#$aLibrary of Congress. 856 7$uhttp://lcweb.loc.gov/catdir/semdigdocs/seminar.html$2http ------------------------------------------------------------------- Record #3: 856 with "file" in subfield $2 (P&P/American Memory project record) Leader *****nkd##*******5a 001 $aswa94000001/PP 005 $a19950123080234.0 007 kd|||| 008 930000s1939####|||nnn############kn### 037 $aLC-USZ62-98561$bDLC$c(b&w film copy neg.) 050 00$aSWANN -$bno. 1432$u(C size) 040 $aDLC$cDLC$egihc 100 1#$aAfonsky, Nicholas,$d1891 or 2-1943,$eartist. 245 10$aLittle Annie Rooney.$p"It's like I tell ya, chief ..."$h[graphic]. 260 $c1939 Nov. 26 [publication date] 300 $a1 drawing :$bIndia ink over pencil on bristol board ;$c36.2 x 57.0 cm. (sheet) 500 $aEditorial marks in upper margin. 500 $aSigned, lower right, ninth frame: N. Afonsky. 540 $aCopyright 1939 by King Features Syndicate, Inc. 520 $aNine frame comic strip. In the first three frames of the cartoon, two outlaws, shown in a mountainous terrain, discuss the disappearance of smuggled diamonds. The next four frames feature two old sisters in a country kitchen discussing the outlaw-husband. The strip concludes with two frames of Little Annie in the desert with her burro and her dog Zero. 541 $cBequest and gift;$aCaroline and Erwin Swann;$d1974$e(DLC/PP-1974:232.1262) 585 $aExhibited: University of Maryland, "The Art of the Comic Strip," 1971; Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service, "The Art of the Comic Strip," 1972-74. 650 #7$aSmuggling$y1930-1940.$2lctgm 655 #7$aPeriodical illustrations$xAmerican$y1930-1940.$2gmgpc 655 #7$aAdventure comics$xAmerican$y1930-1940.$2gmgpc 755 $aDrawings$xAmerican$y1930-1940.$2gmgpc 773 0$tCaroline and Erwin Swann Collection of Caricature & Cartoon (Library of Congress)$w(DLC) 93845503 852 $aDLC$bP&P 856 7$3b&w film copy neg.$dLCPP003B $f3B44639 $2file rev. 3/6/95 RSG .